Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The License used by the Linux Kernel |
General Public License (GPL) |
|
|
Who founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF)? |
Richard Stallman |
|
|
What year was the FSF founded? |
1985 |
|
|
What are the 3 freedoms that the FSF states? |
0. Freedom to run the program for any purpose. 1. Freedom to study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you wish. 2. Freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbour. 3. Freedom to redistribute your modified version of the software. |
|
|
Who founded the Open Source Initiative (OSI)? |
Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond |
|
|
What year was the OSI founded? |
1998 |
|
|
What are the 10 principles that define the OSI? |
1. Free Redistribution 2. Program must include the source code 3. Permission to derive works 4. Respect for source code integrity 5. No discrimination against person or groups. 6. No discrimination against fields of endeavour. 7. Distribution of license 8. License must not be specific to a product 9. License must not restrict other software 10. License must be technology neutral |
|
|
What is the default shell for most Linux distributions? |
Bash (Bourne again shell) |
|
|
What shell is an improved version of the bash shell? |
zsh (Z-shell) |
|
|
What key combo is used to switch between shell interfaces? |
Ctrl-Alt F1 and Ctrl-Alt F6 |
|
|
What key combo will return you to the GUI environment when in shell mode? |
Ctrl-Alt F7 |
|
|
What shell command will list all filed in a directory? |
ls |
|
|
What ls option will show all files including the hidden files? |
-a |
|
|
What does -l option do when used with the ls command? |
lists the files in long format showing the permission string, owner, group, size and creation date. |
|
|
What does the halt command do? |
Shuts the OS down. (only root can do) |
|
|
What command shuts down and restarts the OS? |
reboot (only root can do) |
|
|
What command is the parent of all processes, which is executed by the Kernel and is responsible for starting all other processes? |
init |
|
|
What does the command init0 do? |
Shuts down the OS |
|
|
What does the command init1 do? |
Reboots the OS |
|
|
This command can shut down or reboot the system. |
shutdown |
|
|
This command will terminate the current running process. |
exit |
|
|
This command can change to a different user account or change to the root account. |
su |
|
|
What does the echo command do? |
Echo's a line of text to the screen. |
|
|
What does the top command do? |
This command provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system. |
|
|
This command shows a full path to a shell command or utility. |
which |
|
|
This command will show the current logged in user. |
whoami |
|
|
This command shows the status the network and its current counteractions, routing tables and more. |
netstat |
|
|
What is the route command used for? |
used to view and manipulate the systems routing table. |
|
|
This command can manage our network card installed in our system and can be used to display and modify our NIC config settings. |
ifconfig |
|
|
Command used in newer versions of Linux to see current NIC settings. |
ip addr |
|
|
Command that returns information about your Linux system. |
uname |
|
|
What are some options of the uname command? |
-s Display the Linux Kernels name -n Displays the system's host name -r Displays the Linux Kernel's release number. -v Displays the Linux Kernel's version number -m Shows the systems hardware architecture -p processor type -i hardware platforme -o operating system -a will display all the info above at once. |
|
|
What command will let you view the history of the previous commands entered in the command line? |
history |
|
|
What does the env command do? |
lists environment variables |
|
|
Command that shows all environment variables in alphabetical order. |
set |
|
|
What is the process of using wildcard characters for expanding non-specific file names called? |
Globbing |
|
|
What option of man allows you to search through all the man pages for keywords? |
-k |
|
|
What file contains text-based configuration files used by the system as well as service running on the system? |
/etc |
|
|
What does the /etc/passwd file contain? |
this is our linux system’s user accounts file
|
|
|
What does the /etc/shadow file contain? |
This contains encrypted password for our user accounts. |
|
|
What does the /etc/fstab file contain? |
List of the partitions and file systems that will be automatically mounted when we boot out linux system. |
|
|
What directory contains code libraries used by programs that live in /bin and /sbin? |
/lib |
|
|
This directory is used by some linux distros like OpenSUSE and Fedora to mountinternal devices, including optical drives and USB drives |
/media |
|
|
This directory is used by some linux distros to mount external drives like cd drives,dvd drives, usb drives and more |
/mnt |
|
|
this directory contains files for some programs you install on the system |
/opt |
|
|
This directory doesn’tactually exist in the file system... instead, it’s a pseudo-file system that is dynamicallycreated whenever it is accessed. It’s used to access process and other system informationfrom the linux kernel. |
/proc |
|
|
This directory contains important system management and administration files,such as fdisk, fsch, ifconfig, ifconfig, init, mkfs, shutdown, and halt. |
/sbin |
|
|
this directory contains subdirectories where services running on the system(like httpd for apache or even ftpd) actually save their files |
/srv |
|
|
This directory contains information about the hardware in your system |
/sys |
|
|
This directory contains temporary files created by you or by the system |
/tmp |
|
|
This directory contains application files; most of the application files used on your system arestored in a subdirectory of this directory |
/usr |
|
|
this directory contains our linux variable data, and linux log files |
/var |
|
|
What are some popular tar options when creating an archive? |
-c create a new archive -v verbose mode -f specify tar file |
|
|
How do you extract a tar file? |
tar -xvf -x extract from archive |
|
|
What are the compression options for tar files? |
gzip, bzip, and zip |
|
|
What command reads a file 1 page at a time? |
less |
|
|
What does the head command do? |
displays the first 10 lines of a file |
|
|
What does the tail command do? |
displays the last 10 lines of a file |
|
|
What command locates file on your file system? |
find |
|
|
What does the grep command do? |
searches for plain-text data sets for lines matching a regular expression. |
|
|
What command will list content in alpha/numeric order |
sort |
|
|
What command is used to print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output. |
cut |
|
|
What command will list newline , word, and byte counts for each file? |
wc |
|
|
What command shows free disk space? |
df |
|
|
What command shows process status? |
ps |
|
|
What options of ps will show all system processes? |
-aux |
|
|
What command tells a process to die gracefully? |
kill |
|
|
What option of kill will tell a command to die immediately? |
-9 |
|
|
what symbol sends output to another program? |
| |
|
|
What command will list the groups you are in? |
groups |
|
|
Concatenate files? |
cat |
|
|
What command shows print queue status? |
lpq |
|
|
Locate files? |
find |
|
|
Remove print jobs? |
lprm |
|
|
show user info |
finger |
|
|
What stores all information that the system has about a file, except for the name? (Hint: There is exactly one of these per file) |
Inode (indirection node) |
