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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
/bin
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Essential command binaries Holds the files needed to bring the system up and run it when it first comes up in single-user mode. Holds system utilities
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/boot
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Static files of the boot loader Contains all of the files needed to boot the system.
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/dev
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Device files
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/etc
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Machine–local system configuration files One of the most important is /etc/passwd
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/etc/X11
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Machine–local configuration files for the X Window System
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/home
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User home directories
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/lib
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Shared Libraries
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/lib/modules
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Loadable kernel modules
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/mnt
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Mount point for temporarily mounting filesystems
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/opt
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Add-on software packages. (optional)
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/proc
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Kernel and process information virtual filesystem
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/root
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home directory for root
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/sbin
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Essential system binaries Utilities used for system administration are stored in /sbin and /usr/sbin.
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/sbin *also
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/sbin directory includes utilities needed during the booting process
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/usr/sbin
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holds utilities used after the system is up and running
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Older versions of linux
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In older versions of Linux, many system administration utilities were scattered through several directories that often included other system files (/etc, /usr/bin, /usr/adm, /usr/include).
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/sys
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Device pseudofilesystem
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/tmp
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temporary files
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/usr
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Second major hierarchy. Traditionally includes subdirectories that contain information used by the system. Files in /usr subdirectories do not change often and may be shared by several systems.
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/usr/bin
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Most user commands. Contains the standard linux utility programs. that is binaries that are not needed in single-user mode.
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/usr/lib
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Libraries
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/usr/local
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Local hierarch Holds locally important files and directories that are added to the system. can include bin, games, include, lib, sbin, share, and src
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/var
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Variable data, files with contents that vary are stored here
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/var/log
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Log files Contains lastlog (a record of the last login by each user), messages (system messages from rsyslogd), and wtmp (a record of all logins/logouts).
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cd
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Associates you with another working directory
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chmod
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Changes the access permissions on a file
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getfacl
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Displays a files ACL
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ln
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Makes a link to an existing file
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mkdir
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Creates a directory
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pwd
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displays the pathname of the working directory.
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rmdir
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Deletes a directory.
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setfacl
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Modifies a files ACL
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ACL
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Access control lists.
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ACL's allow you
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share selected files with other users.
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Maximum file name
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255 characters
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Should you use spaces in filenames.
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No
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stat
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Displays information about a file or filesystem.
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T or F Linux is case sensitive
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true
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T or F file name extensions are mandatory
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False they are not neccesary
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Absolute pathname
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You can build the absolute pathname of a file by tracing a path from the root directory through all the intermediate directories to the file
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relative pathname
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traces a path from the working directory to a file
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The "."
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is synonymous with the pathname of the working directory and can be used in its place
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The ".."
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is synonymous with the pathname of the parent of the working directory.
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rmdir -r
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deletes directory and files inside.
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touch
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creates an empty file
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ls -l
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displays file permissions
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chmod a
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all users
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chmod u
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user/owner of the file
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chmod g
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group
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chmod 0
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other
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Link
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is a pointer to a file
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ln
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creates a hard link
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rm
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removes a link
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R W X
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Read write execute
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ls -l
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Long Listing
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ls -i
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inode
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ls -a
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show hidden files
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ls -A
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show hidden files, wont show .. parent or .
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ls -h
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human readable
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ls -F
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shows a / if directory
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ls -t
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time
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ls -r
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reverse
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ls -R
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recursive
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ls -s
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sort by size
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mount
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mount a filesystem
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umount
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unmount a filesystem
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df
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show amount of disk space free
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du
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show amount of disk space used
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stat
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display file or filesystem status
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file
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determines filetype
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info
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read info documents
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fsck
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check and repair a linux filesystem.
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mkfs
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build a linux filesystem
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tune2fs
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adjust tuneable filesystem parameters.
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/etc/opt
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Configuration files for add on software packages
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/usr/include
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header files included by C programs
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/var/spool
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spooled application data.
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