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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Melas |
Black |
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Melanesia |
Black islands |
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Micronesia |
Small islands |
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Polynesia |
Many islands |
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Plus |
Australia |
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Islands were settles in waves of migration beginning circa |
120,000 to 50,000 BC |
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Most recent settling was |
Austronesians, circa 3000 BC from East Asia |
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First wave |
Settled Melanesia 1500 to 700 BC |
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Second wave |
Settled Polynesia 500 BC to 600 AD |
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First wave settled Melanesia |
Developed agriculture, deep sea fishing |
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Second wave settled Polynesia |
Great seafarers |
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Oldest continuous culture on earth, 40 to 150,000 years old |
Australia nomadic people |
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Had a very high level of mythology |
Aborigines |
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The past, time of creation, primordial past |
Dream time |
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Made as part of a ritual of recreating myths |
Bark paintings |
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Scenes from dream time, which is entered as painting is created |
Bark paintings |
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Bark painting (Djanggawul Sisters) |
Yirrkala, Australia, 20th century |
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Complex patterns, no empty space, horror vacui, intensely detailed |
Bark painting |
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A mythic creature, the ancestor |
Djanggawul |
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Bark painting (Hunter and Kangaroo) |
Oenpelli, Australia, 20th century |
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Backbone and interior organs are seen as through x-ray |
Bark painting (Hunter and Kangaroo) |
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Representation of the essence of a thing |
Bark painting (Hunter and Kangaroo) |
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First inhabitants arrives circa 10,000 BC, probably came over land bridges |
Melanesia |
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Geographic center of Melanesian culture |
New Guinea |
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Large island with hundreds of distinct cultural groups |
Melanesia |
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Surrounding large island groups are included in classification |
Melanesia |
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Less stratified and more egalitarian than Polynesian societies |
Melanesian societies |
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Artistic styles are extremely varied |
Melanesia |
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Carves sculpture is the most common object |
Melanesia |
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Malanggan display, New Ireland |
Melanesia, 19th century |
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Collective name for ceremonies, masks, and carvings |
Malanggan |
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Held primarily in memory of dead |
Malanggan display |
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Also a commemorative display, and initiation |
Malanggan display |
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Houses were set up especially for the carvings to be displayed |
Malanggan display |
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Tamberan house, Abelam, New Guinea |
Melanesia, 20 century |
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Twenty year long initiation cycle for men |
Tamberan cult |
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Tamberan house |
Includes building A-framed structures, also called tamberan |
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Tamberan house |
Triangular facade is elaborately decorated with paintings |
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Paintings on Tamberan house |
Heads of spirits called ngwalendu |
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Ancestral poles (mbis); Asmat, New Guinea |
Melanesia, 20th century |
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Agressive, unfriendly headhunters |
Asmat |
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A display for recently deceased ancestors |
Mbis poles |
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A covenant of the living to avenge the death |
Ancestral poles |
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When spirit is appeased the pole is taken back to forest to rot |
Ancestral poles |
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Who proposed the division of the Pacific into major regions? |
Jules Dumont d'Urville |
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The Pacific Islands were discovered by the Europeans in which century? |
16th century |
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Which of the following dominates Melanesia? |
New Guinea |
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Typical Melanesian societies are |
Fairly democratic |
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Which of the following describes the Iatmul men's house? |
Symbolizes protective ancestors |
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Agriculturists living in the hilly regions north of the Sepik River |
Abelam |
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What does the yam mask of the Abelam represent? |
Power and prestige |
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Former practitioners of headhunting |
Asmat |
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Which of the following is symbolic of the headhunter and appears on bisj poles? |
Hornbill |
|
The female praying mantis is a reference to |
Headhunting |
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Micronesian cultures frequently are ruled by |
Chieftains |
|
Micronesian art relates to |
Seafaring |
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The rooster on the men's house, or bai, from Belau, in the Caroline Islands symbolizes the |
Rising sun |
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Which of the following was the last area to be settled by humans? |
Polynesia |
|
Had the most highly stratified social structure in the Pacific |
Hawaii |
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What does the Maori meetinghouse represent? |
Ancestral figures |
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The moai of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) most likely depict |
Ancestral chiefs |
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What describes Australian Aboriginal art? |
Small and portable |
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During the early 19th century, ranking women of Tonga made |
Barkcloth |
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The acquisition of power by Marquesan chiefs was usually the result of |
Warfare |
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Largest island in the world |
Australia |
|
The Aborigines conducted their lives on two inter-related planes: |
Mundane plane and symbolic plane |
|
Mundane plane |
Everyday life |
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Symbolic plane |
Faith and ritual were important |
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Bark painting primarily done on bark from |
Eucalyptus |
|
People live in the north, in an inland region |
Oenpelli |
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The Oenpelli bark painting style also known as |
X-ray style |
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In this composition the scale of the animal is much larger than the human |
Hunter and Kangaroo |
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No horror vacui in this style |
Hunter and Kangaroo |
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Style is schematic and linear, and the representation is conventionalized |
Oenpelli |
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A region on the north coast of Australia. |
Yirrkala |
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Millingimby people paint in a close style, to Yirrkala region, therefore paintings from this region and in this style are usually abbreviated |
Y-M (Yirrkala-Millingimby) |
|
Rectangular format with all of the area filled with painting and design |
Y-M style |
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The central character in many Y-M paintings, is a mythic creature of the northern Aborigines, THE ancestor |
Djanggawul |
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A very large island with hundreds of distinct cultural groups and languages |
New Guinea |
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Designs are the heads of ancestor spirits called |
Ngwalendu |
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Name for all tamberan cult-related representations |
Ngwalendu |
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Asmat people live is in southwest New Guinea in the country of |
Irian Jaya |
|
Asmat means |
Tree people |
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An important ceremonial and artistic activity of the Asmat |
Mbis |
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A covenant between the living people and the spirits to avenge the death |
A mbis pole |
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The collective name for a series of funerary ceremonies performed in the northwest of New Ireland |
Malanggan |
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The name for masks and carved figures made for the celebrations to honor the dead |
Malanggan |
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The primary possession and focus of life in Solomon Islands |
The canoe, called tamako |
|
The most important use of the canoe is to |
Hunt bonito, associated with spirits |
|
Considered a sign of supernatural favor |
Appearance of bonito |
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At the prow of the tamako canoe is a spirit figure, the symbol of the hunt for bonito called |
Musumusu |
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Powerful guardian spirit that watches for coral shoals and guides the canoe to bonito |
Musumusu |
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Black in color with white shell inlay designs providing contrasting elements |
Musumusu |