Lesson 7

Front 1

Arthrology

Back 1

Study of joints (anatomy, function, dysfunction, and treatment)

Front 2

Joint/Articulation

Back 2

a point where two bones meet, or between cartilage and bone; typically named after the bones involved (function and structure). They are classified by either their anatomical characteristics or by the degree of movement that they allow.

Front 3

Joint functions

Back 3

Diarthrosis,Amphiarthrosis,Synarthrosis,

Front 4

Synarthrosis

Back 4

A joint capable of little or no movement; ex. a suture

Front 5

Amphiarthrosis

Back 5

A joint capable of slight movement; ex. intervertebral joint

Front 6

Diarthrosis

Back 6

A freely movable joint; ex. elbow joint

Front 7

Joint structure

Back 7

Fibrous, Cartilaginous,Synovial

Front 8

Structural classification of joints

Back 8

Whether there is a cavity between articulating bones, and the type of connective tissue that binds the bones together

Front 9

Types of fibrous joints

Back 9

Sutures, Gomphoses, Syndesmoses. Held together with fibrous connective tissue and contain NO joint cavity. Fibrous joints permit little or no movement

Front 10

Sutures

Back 10

(Stitches)

Front 11

Syndesmosis

Back 11

A joint that joins two bones by a ligament only, more fibrous connective tissue in either bands or membranes. The bones are generally further apart than sutures; ex. interosseous membrane that hold together the forearm. Amphiarthroses

Front 12

Gomphosis

Back 12

A joint that attaches a tooth to its socket. Synarthroses

Front 13

Types of cartilaginous joints

Back 13

Synchondrose, Symphyses.Lack a joint cavity

Front 14

Synchondrosis

Back 14

A joint that uses hyaline cartilage to join two bones, only classed as a joint until it ossifies in adulthood; eg. epiphyseal plate in childhood. Synarthoses

Front 15

Symphysis

Back 15

A joint that has hyaline cartilage covering the bone ends, and fibrocartilage disc in between. Eg vertebral discs. Amphiarthoses

Front 16

Bony joint/Synostosis

Back 16

A joint in which two bones, once separate, have been fused together by osseous tissue;eg. left and right bones of the maxilla

Front 17

Synovial Joint

Back 17

A joint in which two bones are separated by a space containing a slippery lubricant; eg. knee joint

Front 18

Suture's function

Back 18

Synarthrosis

Front 19

Gomphosis' function

Back 19

Synarthrosis

Front 20

Syndesmosis' function

Back 20

Amphiarthrosis

Front 21

Symphysis' function

Back 21

Amphiarthrosis

Front 22

Synovial's function

Back 22

Diarthrosis

Front 23

Synostosis' function

Back 23

Synarthrosis

Front 24

Most common joint in the body

Back 24

Synovial Joint, provides body movements , are more complex in structure than other joints. Diarthroses as they are freely moveable. Differ from other joints as they have a joint cavity

Front 25

The area containing synovial fluid

Back 25

the joint/articular cavity

Front 26

The texture of synovial fluid

Back 26

viscous and slippery; similar to that of an egg white

Front 27

What gives synovial fluid its texture

Back 27

albumin and hyaluronic acid

Front 28

the function of synovial fluid

Back 28

1)nourish articular cartilage2)remove their wastes3)clean up wear and tear cartilage tissue debris with phagocytes

Front 29

What covers the adjoining surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint

Back 29

hyaline articular cartilage

Front 30

what encloses the joint cavity

Back 30

a fibrous joint/articular capsule

Front 31

the components of the joint/articular capsule

Back 31

1)fibrous capsule2)synovial membrane. A sleeve like articular capsule that hold articulating bones together

Front 32

Fibrous capsule

Back 32

the outer layer of the joint capsule; continuous with the periosteum of the adjoining bones, responsible for holding the two bones that form a joint together

Front 33

Synovial membrane

Back 33

the inner layer of the joint capsule; made of areolar tissue; secretes synovial fluid

Front 34

the function of the meniscus

Back 34

1)absorb shock and pressure2)guide bones across each other3)reduce chance of dislocation4)distribute force across entire joint

Front 35

tendon

Back 35

a strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Front 36

ligament

Back 36

a strip or sheet of tough, collagenous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another

Front 37

bursae

Back 37

a fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid

Front 38

location of a bursae

Back 38

between adjacent muscles or where a tendon passes over a bone

Front 39

the function of bursae

Back 39

1)cushion muscles2)help tendons slide over joints3)enhance the mechanical effect of a muscle by modifying the direction in which its tendon pulls

Front 40

tendon sheets

Back 40

elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon

Front 41

Types of synovial joints

Back 41

1)Ball-and-socket 2)Hinge 3)Saddle 4)Gliding 5)Condyloid 6)Pivot

Front 42

Types of joint movement

Back 42

1)monaxial2)biaxial3)multiaxial

Front 43

hinge joint

Back 43

one bone has a convex surface that fits in the concave depression of the other bone eg the opening and closing of a door or book, flexion and extension eg knee, elbow, interphalangeal joints

Front 44

Saddle joint

Back 44

Each bone is shaped like a saddle, curved in one direction and saddle shaped in the other, similar to a condyloid joint, but better range of movement. Eg the trapeziometacarpel joint at the base of the thumb, is the ONLY saddle joint

Front 45

pivot joint

Back 45

one bone has a projection that fits into a ringlike ligament formed from bone, or bone and ligaments, providing rotational movement.

Front 46

composition of menisci

Back 46

Fibrocartilage

Front 47

gliding joint

Back 47

both bones are flat or only slightly concave and convex,one surface glides over another(not angular)eg the joints between carpal bones

Front 48

condyloid joint

Back 48

one bone has an oval convex surface that fits into similarly shaped depression on the other bone, allows free movements but limited in some directions

Front 49

ball and socket joint

Back 49

Ball like surface fits into a cup like depression, free movement in all directions

Front 50

ROM

Back 50

Range Of Motion

Front 51

proprioceptors

Back 51

sensory nerve endings of tendons, ligaments, and muscles, that continually monitor and adjust joint angle and muscle tension

Front 52

Factors affecting ROM and stability of a joint

Back 52

1)muscle structure and action2)structure of the bones' articular surfaces3)strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons, and the joint capsule

Front 53

Synovial joints accessory structures

Back 53

Bursae and Ligaments

Front 54

Synovial joints and bursae

Back 54

Fluid filled sacs to help cushion movement of one body part over another and reduce friction, eg elbow and knee

Front 55

Synovial joints and accessory ligaments

Back 55

Located either inside or outside the joint cavity, they are formed from dense connective tissue and connect one bone to another. If inside they are intra-capsular, outside they are extra-capsular. Loaded in the end of the joints ROM to stop movement outside their range