Lecture 5 & Lecture 6

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Lecture 5: Evolution of Mass Media

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PROCEED

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Pre-Industrial Revolution

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>Printing press (the staple for Mass Media for centuries)

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Towards the end of Industrial Revolution

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1920's = radio (for ears)

> 30 years of being king of Mass Media

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The New Kid in Town

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Images!!! (television, computer/internet)

> For the eyes and ears

> Speed

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Sociological theory: Functionalism

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> Media has been deemed 'functional' in society

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Main function of Media

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> To entertain

> Occupies leisure time

> Helps socialize us

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Functionalist views on Mass Media

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> Keeps us informed

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Dysfunctions of Mass Media

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> Some believe Mass Media acts as a 'narcotic' (affects our behavior)

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Desensitizing us to:

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> Sex

> Violence

> Blurring the lines of reality

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"Narcotizing dysfunction"

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> Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton coined the phrase

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Massive amounts of information =

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> "Numbing" the masses

ex. Aid to natural disease

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Conflict Theory & the Mass Media

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> Media reflects, and even makes worse, divisions in society

- Including gender, race, ethnicity divisions

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Main point for Conflict Theorists

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Control

> Who's interests are being served?

- Leads to 'gatekeeping'

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A study from World Bank Points out the problem

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> 97 countries, gatekeeps are obvious

> 70% of top radio and TV stations were government owned

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Exemptions to 'gatekeeping'

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> the World Wide Web: Internet

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A promotion of the 'Dominate Ideology'

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> Conventional wisdom

> More diversity of races

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Symbolic Interaction View

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> Main Theme: How does the media affect our day-to-day interactions?

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An Interactionist Approach

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(BACK PAGE QUESTION) Write 1 sentence about how they affect our daily lives:

> Primary group extension

> Source of reminiscing (music)

> Parties (Super Bowl)

> Babysitter or playmate for kids

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Distance is conquered (no more being apart without ways of communicating :] )

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> Texting

> E-mail

> Social Media

> New ways of dating

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Abuse Online

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> Bullying

> Hacking

> Terrorists spreading and gaining new ideas

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Lecture 6: Groups and Organization

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Social group

> two or more people identifying and interacting with one another

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Shared experience

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> Common interests (50/50)

> Loyalty (all or nothing)

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Loyalty = a very divisive (causing disagreement) word

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> some groups dictate loyalty

- the "we" factor

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Categories vs. Crowds

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Categories: - You're basically a statistic

Crowds:

- Large number of people in a particular setting

- Limited bonding

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Groups

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(BACK PAGE QUESTION) Describe characteristics of the primary groups and the secondary groups:

Primary groups

> typically small

>family or friends

> loyalty (ABSOLUTELY)

Secondary groups

> large and impersonal (no feelings)

> to pursue a goal (classmates)

> weak emotional ties

> NO "we" think

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Group leadership: 3 main types

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> Instrumental leadership (Authoritarian leadership)

> Expressive leadership

> Laissez-Faire leadership (no one leads)

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Instrumental leadership (Authoritarian leadership)

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> task oriented

> makes plans

> gives orders

> commands respect

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Expressive leadership (Democratic leadership)

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• Main focus: the group's well-being

> gives encouragement

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Laissez-Faire leadership (no one leads)

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> acts on its own

> leader is a figure head only

> free to do what they want

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'Group think'

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• Irving Janis: Leading sociologist

> group decisions made without OBJECTIVE THOUGHT

> we are mainly concerned about how we look to others in a group

> sometimes it can be a narrow point of view

> FEAR of rejection from not conforming

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'Group conformity': TWO studies

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• Stanley Milgram

> tests levels of obedience (the shock experiment)

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Sense of belonging: The Asch experiment

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• Solomon Asch

> tests levels of conformity (the "which line is bigger" experiment)

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Reference groups (mimic)

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> people who you surround yourself with

- influences your life

- decisions/attitudes are affected

"You are a reflection of who you surround yourself with" > perception

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In-groups: you feel respected/accepted

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> shared identity

> mimics master status

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Out-groups: DO NOT feel accepted

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> ALWAYS uncomfortable

> more apt to be in an out-group at work

'In-group' people will treat 'out-group' people differently

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DYADS

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> the SMALLEST possible group

> 2 people only

> LEAST stable

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TRIADS

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> 3 people only

> MORE stable

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Formal organizations

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> Utilitarian organization

> Normative organization

> Coercive organization

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Utilitarian organization

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> you receive paycheck

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Normative organization

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> altruistic (unselfish) goals

(you believe in the cause)

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Coercive organization

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> involuntary membership

- isolation

- labels

- stigmas

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Mother of all organizations: The Bureaucracy

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> Father of modern day bureaucracy: Max Weber

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6 key elements of ideal bureaucratic organization

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1) Specialization

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2) Hierarchy of officers

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3) Rules and regulations

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4) Technical competence

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5) Impersonal

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6) Formal

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PROCEED