Kinesiology Final Exam Part 2

Front 1

this bone is smaller, more laterally located, and articulates only with the ankle

Back 1

fibula

Front 2

this bone articulates with the lateral and medial condyles, lateral and medial epicondyles, and the intercondylar notch

Back 2

distal femur

Front 3

this bone articules with both knee and ankle and is larger and more medially located

Back 3

tibia

Front 4

what are the 2 main joints of the knee

Back 4

tibiofemoral joint
patellofemoral joint

Front 5

what makes extension the most stable position of the knee joint

Back 5

ligaments and the joint capsule

Front 6

Knee stability:

- the quariceps tendon, the patellar ligaments, and extensor muscles make this part of the knee stable

Back 6

anterior stability

Front 7

knee stability:

- the lateral and medial collateral ligaments, the IT band, and pes anserunus give this part of the knee stability

Back 7

medial-lateral stability

Front 8

knee stability:

- the knee flexor muscles give this part of the knee stability

Back 8

posterior stability

Front 9

these ligaments provide stability, primarily with full extension, making extension the most stable position of the knee

Back 9

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Front 10

how many degrees of freedom does the knee have?

Back 10

2-
flexion- extension
rotation

Front 11

most common disease that affects bones in the knee
- cartilage in knee gradually wears away, causeing pain and swelling. injuries and tendons also cause knee problems

Back 11

arthritis

Front 12

common sports injury that occurs by a sudden twisting motion.

Back 12

ACL injury

Front 13

knock knee is also called

Back 13

excessive genu valgum

Front 14

bow leg is also called

Back 14

genu varum

Front 15

primary function of _____________ is to absorb shock and impart thrust to the body during walking and running

Back 15

ankle and foot

Front 16

the ankle and foot have..

___ bones
___ligaments
___muscles

making it the most stable, congruent joint in the body

Back 16

26 bones
100 ligaments
30 muscles

Front 17

this is the articulation of the fibua and tibia with the talus of the foot

Back 17

talocrural joint

Front 18

how many degrees of freedom are in the ankle?

Back 18

1-- dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Front 19

the talus and calcaneus make up what part of the foot?

Back 19

rearfoot

Front 20

the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms make up this part of the foot

Back 20

midfoot

Front 21

the five metatarsals and 14 phalanges makes up what part of the foot?

Back 21

forefoot

Front 22

flat foot is known as..
- defect of foot that eliminates the arch
- condition is most often inherited

if it happens in adulthood it is called posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

Back 22

pes planus

Front 23

claw foot is known as..

- deformity fo the foot that is marked by very high arches and very long toes
- hereditary condition but can also occur when muscles in the foot contract or become unbalanced due to nerve or muscle disorders

Back 23

pes cavus

Front 24

deformity of the foot in which the toes are pointed down and the arch is higg
- can be a condition from birth or develop as a consequence from other disorders

Back 24

claw toe

Front 25

portion of the gait cycle in which one foot is in contact with the ground

Back 25

stance phase

Front 26

instance in which the body is directly over the foot

Back 26

midstance

Front 27

portion of the gait cycle in which one foot does not have contact with ground

Back 27

swing phase

Front 28

time when both feet are on the ground; two periods overlap the stance phase during one gait cycle

Back 28

double support

Front 29

time that elapses during stance phase of one extremity

Back 29

stance time

Front 30

distance from heel strike of one foot to heel striek of the other foot

Back 30

stride length

Front 31

number of steps per unit time

Back 31

cadence

Front 32

linear distance between midpoint of heel of one foot and same point on the other foot

Back 32

width of base of support

Front 33

angle of foot placement from the line of progression

Back 33

degree of toe out

Front 34

bringing leg into abduction during swing phase

Back 34

circumduction

Front 35

decreased time from heel strike to foot flat (foot drop)

Back 35

foot slap

Front 36

increased hip and knee flexion furing swing phase

Back 36

steppage

Front 37

painful gait patern in which step length is shortened on one side

Back 37

antalgic

Front 38

leadning with one side of the body

Back 38

unilateral lead

Front 39

bringing the pelvis up on the side of the advancing leg during swing phase

Back 39

hip hiking

Front 40

weak abductor muscles on the stance leg

Back 40

Trendelenburg or gluteus medius gait

Front 41

running like steps with little forward progression, involuntary acceleration

Back 41

festinating

Front 42

wide based, uncoordinated staggering patter

Back 42

ataxia

Front 43

at what height should walker be adjusted to?

Back 43

at wrist crease

Front 44

the ability to control the center of gravity over the base of support in a given sensory environment

Back 44

balance

Front 45

what are the 3 major components of postural control?

Back 45

sensory input
central integration
motor output

Front 46

what are the 3 sensory inputs for postural orientation?

Back 46

visual
somatosensory
vestibular

Front 47

what are the 4 automatic postural responses?

Back 47

ankle strategy
hip strategy
suspensory strategy
stepping strategy

Front 48

this strategy...

- bilateral hip and knee flexion lowers center of gravity to make balance easier to maintain

Back 48

suspensory strategy

Front 49

strategy..

= step to prevent a fal
- center of gravity exceeds loss of support boudanry
- reestablish new base of support underneath shifted center of gravity

Back 49

stepping strategy

Front 50

strategy..

- head and hips move in same direction
-slow/ small perturbation
- surface firm, broad, wider than feet
-contractions distal to proximal

Back 50

ankle strategy

Front 51

strategy...

- head and hips move in opposite directions
- large/ fast perturbation
- surface unstable or shorter than feet
-contractions proximal to distal

Back 51

hip strategy