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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
thickening of joint capsule, connects bone to bone
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ligament
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connects muscle to bone
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tendon
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Range of motion
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ROM
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collection of fluid in a body cavity or space
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Edema
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collection of clotted blood in a confined space
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Hematoma
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discoloration of skin due to prescence of blood (bruise)
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Ecchymosis
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pain, redness, swelling, and loss of motion
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inflammation
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the prefix for "blood"
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Hem
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the prefix for "bone"
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osteo
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the prefix for "joint"
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arthro
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"cartilage"
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chondro
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"muscle"
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myo
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"itis"
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inflammation
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The skins consists of how many layers? their names?
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two layers; epidermis & dermis
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friction between 2 surfaces causes these
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blister
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friction one side with more friction (scrape)
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abrasion
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purposely done precision cut (usually done by professional)
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incision
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like incision, but with jagged or irregular edges (usually NOT done professionally)
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laceration
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when a "chunk" of tisue has been displaces/removed
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avulsion
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insect's stings, snake bites single object penetrates skin
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puncture wound
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two objects collide and compression related injury i.e. leads to ecchymosis
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contusion
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looking at the side of a human body the front is called
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anterior
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looking at the side of a human body the back is called
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posterior
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looking at a human body, the top half is called
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superior/cranial
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looking at a human body, the bottom half is called
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inferior/caudal
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looking at a human body, the part on the leg, arm or wherever farthest from the the heart is? closest?
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distal; proximal
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group formed by muscle and tendons
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musculotendinous unit
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term for when muscle is stretched beyond range of motion (ROM) injury to fibers
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Strain
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Inflammation of the tendon
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Tendonitis
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Inflammation of the muscle tendon sheath
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tenosynovitis
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formation of bone within the muscle
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myositis ossificans
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what causes myositis ossificans?
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repetitive contusions, less often due to deep muscle strain
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what is the fluid filled sac that helps to reduce friction between structures, located throuhgout body
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bursa
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when the bursa develops localized swelling
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bursitis
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when a joint is forced beyond normal anatomical limits. the ligaments and/or joint capsule is torn
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sprain
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partial or complete disassciation of the joint surfaces
-spontaneously returns to normal -damage to joint worsens every time |
joint sublaxation
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disassociation of joint surfaces that result in deformity
-definite damage to joint structures |
joint dislocation
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hyaline cartilage that lines a bone's joint surface
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articular cartilage
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what does Osteocondral defect?
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chunk is taken out (of cartilage*)
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osteocondritis dissecans
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articular cartilage is inflammed and disentigrating
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general course of aging (normally occurs in 60s-70s
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osteoarthritis
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premature hardening and hardening of joints and get larger. due to articular cartilage wearing away and calcium (bone) builds up instead
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rheumatoid arthritis (disease)
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how are fractures classified?
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-location
-magnitude of fx line -shape & direction of fx -duration of onset |
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when the osteoclastic activity is higher than the osteoblastic activity, chronic condition, changes in routine activity
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stress fractures
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the tearig away of ligament or tendon/muscle attachment at bone
-forceful, acute injury |
avulsion fractures
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compression of nerve by fluid or structures (Carpal Tunnel)
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Entrapment
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stretching of nerve that causes transient symptoms
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neuropraxia
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complete disruption of nerve
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neurotmesis
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-ionizing radiation penetrates tissues
-radiation is absorbed or dispersed -which structure absorbs most radiation |
radiograph: x-rays
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assist in evaluation of ligament
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stress x-rays
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injected radio-opaque dyes are absorbed by tissues and appear on radiograph
-arthrograms, myelograms, angiograms |
contrast imaging
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-multiple radiographs taken that produce a 2-D image of tissue density (slices)
-most commonly used on brain |
Computed Tomography (C.T.)
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body is subjected to magnetic field and bombarded with radio waves
(best tool to determine specific pathogen) -energy released by tissue is detected -clearly portrays soft tissue, fluid, and bones |
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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radioactive tracer injected into area and absorbed by osteoblastic/osteoclastic bone zones
-tracers emit darkened spot on image; only applicable to bones |
bone scan
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-measures sound wave reflextions
-creates 2-D image -most commonly used in hearts, fetus, internal organs |
ultrasonic imaging
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refers to frequency with which specific injury occurs
-point toward risk factors that make a particular sport a high-risk endeavor for some |
Epidemiology
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what are some methods used to determine high risk sports?
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injury surveys, injury trends, surfaces, equipment, and rule changes
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What components does teh pre-participation physical examination consist of?
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history, physical exam, diagnostic testing
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The purpose of Pre-participation physical exams?
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identifies at risk people
-key prophylactic tool -decreases legal liability |
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what does the term "slipped capital femoral epiphysis?
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-growth plate weakens during rapid skeletonl growth
-stress of body weight causes slippage |
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An avascular necrois on the femoral head. rest and surgery are most common options
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legg-calve'-perthes disease
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abnormal enlargement of tibial tuberosity
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osgood schlatter
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what are a few guidelines set forth about child safety in the wight room.
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supervide b y well trained adult at all times; proper and safe equipment.
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when a woman has an abscence of her menstual cycle
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amenorrheea
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decrease in bone mass and strenth
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the menstrual cycle is absent
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what are the key elements of the female triad?
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-amenorrhea
-osteoporosis -disordered eating |
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neurological disorder characterized by seizures, -athletic particion beneficial.
-no additional risk factors -do not give food/drink or put objects in mouth |
epilepsy
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lack of insulin production or absorption
-no additional risk factors -notify personnel and physician -adjust insulin lvls accordingly - hypoglycemia most common occurence during activity |
Diabetes
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-chronic condition that restricts airflow
-proper medications can control -no limitations, if asthma is under control -check with physician to get proper medications |
asthma
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-bronchial constriction that onloy occurs as result of exercise
-asthma like symptoms, but not asthma -medication and changes in routine should control -check with physician to get proper medication -common in cold, dry air -usually occurs in 1st 10 mins of exercise or in warmup |
exercise induced asthma
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-disorder of the collagen tissues
-high risk of aorta rupture or damage to heart valves -must obtain physician clearance -more common in african americans, arms longer than legs |
Marfan Syndrome
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-congenital Murmers
-myocarditis -cardiomyopathy -must get clearance from cardiologist to participate -irregular blood flow that |
heart abnormalities
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-parental/peer pressures
-participation anxiety -eating disorders (anorexia/bulimia) |
psychological risk factors
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can psychological stress cause injury?
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your immune system weakens and can lead to sickness
-less focused |