K & W Ch 15 Temporal Lobes

Front 1

Four limbic functions

Back 1

Homeostasis, memory, emotions, olfaction

Front 2

What is the pathway for the Papez circuit?

Back 2

Subiculum-> fornix -> mammillary nucleus and tract -> anterior thalamic nucleus -> internal capsule -> cingulate gurus -> parahippocampal gyrus -> entorhinal cortex.

Front 3

Structures implicated in: declarative memory loss

Back 3

Bilateral medial temporal lobe or bilateral medial diencephalon

Front 4

Structures implicated in: habit learning

Back 4

Caudate nucleus. May be linked to OCD. Variety of other structures

Front 5

Structures implicated in: working memory

Back 5

Dorsolateral prefrontal areas

Front 6

Vascular territory most likely to cause memory deficit

Back 6

ACA, damaging basal forebrain and maybe medial diencephalon

Front 7

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Back 7

Caused by thiamine deficiency, seen in alcoholics usually. Bilateral necrosis of mammillary bodies and other medial diencephalic and periventricular nuclei. Triad of ataxia, abnormal eye movement! And confusional state. Can result in coma.nsurvivors left with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, frontal lobe dysfunction, confabulation

Front 8

Effect of ablation of amygdala bilaterally

Back 8

Placid

Front 9

Kluver-bucy syndrome

Back 9

Seen rarely in humans. Placid behavior with other symptoms

Front 10

Septal area

Back 10

Pleasure area

Front 11

Two main types of seizures

Back 11

Partial, generalized

Front 12

Typez of partial seizures

Back 12

Simple, complex, partial with secondary generalization

Front 13

Types of generalized seizures

Back 13

Absence, myoclonus, clinic, tonic, tonic-clonic, atomic

Front 14

Which type of seizure involves loss of consciousness?

Back 14

Complex partial

Front 15

Prevalence rate of febrile seizures

Back 15

3-4%

Front 16

Percentage of children who remit spontaneously from absence seizures

Back 16

40%

Front 17

First line of treatment of epilepsy in adults

Back 17

Carbamazepine (tegretol), phenytoin (Dilantin)

Front 18

First line of treatment of seizures in children

Back 18

Ethosuximide (zarontin)

Front 19

Medically refractory epilepsy: prevalence

Back 19

20-30%

Front 20

Medically refractory epilepsy: treatments

Back 20

Ketogenic diet, vagal nerve stimulators, esurgery

Front 21

Most common type of seizure

Back 21

complex partial (65% of all epilepsy pts)

Front 22

Auras do not occur with:

Back 22

Generalized seizures

Front 23

Other name for petit mal seizure

Back 23

Abscence

Front 24

Name the seizure: Brief, single symmetrical jerks of head and upper extremities; in series or clusters, common after waking
No LOC (duration of generalized polyspike-wave burst usually <1 second)

Back 24

Myoclonic

Front 25

Name the seizure:Abrupt loss of muscle tone that produces a sudden fall

Back 25

Atonic

Front 26

Landau-Kleffner

Back 26

“Acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder”
need abnormal EEG (usually over temporal areas) but no actual seizures are necessary for diagnosis
Age of onset b/t 2 and 11; follows a period of normal development
Characterized by sudden or gradual onset of auditory agnosia; may involve total unresponsiveness to language or progressive deterioration of expressive speech
Usually associated with behavioral difficulties as well
Seizure type varies, but most common is generalized motor seizures
Seizures and language deficits unresponsive to AED’s (current: steroid tx)
Earlier onset is related to poorer prognosis

Front 27

Rolandic epilepsy

Back 27

believed to have autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance
EEG has characteristic centrotemporal spikes
onset b/t 3 and 13; remission nearly always complete by age 15
Characteristics: unilateral parasthesias, speech arrest, T-C seizures occurring mostly at night

Front 28

visual regions of temporal lobes

Back 28

inferotemporal cortex

Front 29

separates superior and middle temporal gyri and contains neocortex

Back 29

superior temporal sulcus

Front 30

the gustatory cortex and auditory association cortex

Back 30

insula

Front 31

limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation

Back 31

subcortical temporal lobe structures

Front 32

stimulus recognition

Back 32

hierarchical sensory pathway

Front 33

directs movements with respect to auditory info

Back 33

dorsal auditory pathway

Front 34

stimulus categorization

Back 34

polymodal pathway

Front 35

crucial to long term memory...hippocampal projection forms PERFORANT PATHWAY

Back 35

medial temporal projection

Front 36

movement control, short term memory and affect

Back 36

frontal lobe projection

Front 37

processing auditory input, visual object recognition, long term storage of sensory input (memory)

Back 37

temporal lobe function

Front 38

process of matching visual and auditory info (depends on STS)

Back 38

cross modal matching

Front 39

'theory of mind' ...develop hypotheses about other people's intentions

Back 39

social cognition

Front 40

upright faces processed in a separate face perception system

Back 40

Thatcher illusion

Front 41

early perception of facial features

Back 41

inferior occipital gyri

Front 42

invariant aspects of faces, perception of unique identity

Back 42

FFA

Front 43

perception of eye gaze, expression, and lip movement

Back 43

STS

Front 44

personal identity, name and bio info

Back 44

anterior temporal sulcus

Front 45

prelexical speech perception

Back 45

auditory cortex

Front 46

spatially directed attention

Back 46

intraparietal sulcus

Front 47

emotion

Back 47

amygdala, insula limbic system

Front 48

speech sounds come from 3 restricted ranges of frequencies

Back 48

formants

Front 49

magnitude of a sensation as judged by a given person...decibels

Back 49

loudness

Front 50

distinctive character of a sound

Back 50

timbre

Front 51

the position of a sound in a musical scale...vibration rate of a sound wave

Back 51

pitch

Front 52

primary auditory cortex

Back 52

Heschl's gyrus

Front 53

disturbance of auditory sensation and perception, music perception, visual perception...impaired long term memory, altered personality and affective behavior/sex behavior

Back 53

symptoms of temporal lobe lesions

Front 54

disturbed recognition of words ....
word deafness– inability to recognize words as such despite intact hearing of pure tones

Back 54

Wernicke's aphasia

Front 55

amnesia for all events after the surgery/accident

Back 55

anterograde amnesia