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80 Cards in this Set
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little movement is required, union is short, direct and often transitory. |
Fibrous Joint |
also known as a synarthrosis |
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permits only limited movement e.g. compression or stretching |
Cartilaginous Joint |
formerly known as an ampiarthrosis |
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facilitates mobility. permits the greatest degree of movement and are the most commonly involved in dislocations. |
Synovial Joint |
formerly known as diarthrosis |
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fibrous joint with a considerable amount of intervening connective tissue. e.g. the attachment of the hyoid apparatus to the temporal bone. |
Syndesmosis |
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fibrous joint that is confined largely to the flatbones of the skull. |
Suture |
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articulates by means of reciprocally alternating processes and depression. e.g. parieto-occipital and interparietal |
Serrated Suture |
type of suture |
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articulates by overlapping of reciprocally beveled edges. e.g. fetal cranium, frontonasal and frontomaxillary |
Squamous Suture |
type of suture |
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which bones meet an essentially right-angled edge or surface. e.g. ethmoid, most of the bones of the face |
Plane Suture |
type of suture |
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the edge of the bone fits into a fissure or recess of an adjacent bone. e.g. zygomaticomaxillary |
Foliate Suture |
type of suture |
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formed by the periodontal ligament, which attached the cementum of the tooth to the alveolar bone of the socket and permits slight movement. e.g. implantation of tooth in its socket |
Gomphosis |
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Types of Fibrous Joints |
Syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis |
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Types of Suture |
Serrated, squamous, plane, and foliate suture |
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What is the osseous union called? |
Synostosis |
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Usually temporary and represent persistent parts of the fetal skeleton or secondary cartilage of growing bones. |
Hyaline Cartilage Joints (Primary Joints) |
some remains throughout life |
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sometimes referred to as ampiarthroses. e.g. joints of the pelvic symphysis, mandibular symphysis, sternebrae, and vertebral bodies. |
Fibrocartilaginous Joints (Secondary Joints) |
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Synovial joints are characterized by...... |
joint cavity, joint capsule (outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane), synovial fluid (lubricant), and articular cartilage. |
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structures of synovial joints |
joint capsules, synovial fluid, articular cartilage, meniscus, and ligament. |
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composed of an inner synovial membrane and an outer fibrous membrane. |
Joint capsule |
structure of synovial joints |
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lubricates the contact surfaces of synovial joints. |
synovial fluid |
structure of synovial joints |
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usually hyaline cartilage. it covers the articular surfaces of bones where its deepest part maybe calcified. it contains no nerve blood vessels. |
articular cartilage |
structure of synovial joints |
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complete or partial fibrocartilaginous plate that divides a joint cavity into 2 parts. |
Meniscus |
also known as disc structure of synovial joints |
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a band or a cord of nearly pure collagenous tissue that unites two or more bones |
ligament |
structure of synovial joints |
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Classification of synovial joints according to the number of articulating surfaces |
simple and compound joint |
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formed by a convex hemispherical head that fits into a shallow glenoid cavity or into a deep cotyloid cavity. |
ball-and-socket joint |
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elongation of one surface at a right angle to the other forming an ellipse. similar to a spheroidal joint. |
ellipsoidal joint |
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classification of synovial joints according to the shape or form of the articular surface |
plane, ball-and-socket joint, ellipsoidal joint, hinge joint, condylar joint, trochoid/pivot joint, and saddle joint |
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articular surfaces are essentially flat. it permits a slight gliding movement. |
plane joint |
e.g. costotransverse joint |
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permits flexion and extension with a limited degree of rotation. the most movable surface of a hinge joint is usually concave. |
hinge joint |
e.g. elbow joint |
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resembles a hinge joint in its movement but differs in structure. |
condylar joint |
e.g. temporomandibular joint and the knee joint |
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chief movement is around a longitudinal axis through the bones forming the joint. |
trochoid/pivot joint |
e.g. median atlantoaxial joint and the proximal radioulnar joint |
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main movements are in planes that meet at right angles. |
saddle joint |
e.g. interphalangeal joints |
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joint movements that are brought about by the contraction of muscles that cross the joints. |
active movements |
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joint movements caused by gravity or by an external force. |
passive movements |
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movements capabilities of synovial joints |
flexion, extension/overextension, adduction, abduction, circumduction, and rotation |
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ligaments and joints of the skull |
temporomandibular joint, intermandibular joint, joints of auditory ossicles, and joints of hyoid apparatus |
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condylar joint that allows considerable sliding movement. |
temporomandibular joint |
ligaments and joints of the skull |
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the symphysis of the mandible is the median shynchondrosis uniting right and left mandibular bodies. |
intermandibular joint |
ligaments and joints of the skull |
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allow for movement of the malleus, incus, and stapes |
joints of auditory ossicles |
ligaments and joints of the skull |
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tympanohyoid cartilage articulates with the mastoid part of the temporal bone |
joints of the hyoid apparatus |
ligaments and joints of the skull |
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ligaments and joints of the vertebral column |
atlanto-occipital articulation, atlanto-axial articulation, long ligaments of the vertebral column |
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yes joint. formed by the dorsolaterally extending occipital condyles and the corresponding concavities of the atlas. |
atlanto-occipital joint |
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no joint. a pivot joint that permits head and atlas to rotate around a longitudinal axis. |
atlanto-axial joint |
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long ligaments of the vertebral column |
nuchal ligament, supraspinous ligament, ventral longitudinal ligament, and dorsal longitudinal ligament |
NSVD |
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composed of longitudinal yellow elastic fibers that attached cranially to the caudal part of the heavy spinous process of the axis. |
nuchal ligament |
long ligaments of the VC |
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extends from the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra to the third coccygeal vertebra. |
supraspinous ligament |
Long Ligaments of the VC |
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ventral surface of the bodies of the vertebrae |
ventral longitudinal ligament |
long ligament of the VC |
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dorsal surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae |
dorsal longitudinal ligament |
long ligament of the VC |
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Short ligaments of the vertebral column |
interspinous ligaments, intertransverse ligaments, and yellow ligaments/interarcuate ligaments |
IIY |
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connect adjacent vertebral spines and consist of laterally compressed bands of tissue interspersed with muscle bundles of the mm. interpinalis. |
interspinous ligaments |
short ligaments of the VC |
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bundles of fibers which unite the craniolaterally directed transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. |
intertransverse ligaments |
short ligaments of the VC |
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loose, thin elastic sheets between the arches of adjacent vertebrae. |
yellow/interarcuate ligaments |
short ligaments of the VC |
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ligaments and joints of the ribs |
costovertebral joints, ligament of the head, intercapital ligament, sternocostal joints, and costochondral joints |
CLISC |
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formed by the articulation of the capitulum of each rib with costal facets of the appropriate vertebrae. |
costovertebral joints |
ligaments and joints of the ribs |
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small ligamentous band that passes from head of the rib to the lateral part of the disc. |
ligament of the head |
ligaments and joints of the ribs |
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synovial joints formed by the first 8 costal cartilages articulating with the sternum. |
sternocostal joints |
ligaments and joints of the ribs |
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homologous with the intra-articular ligaments of humans. |
intercapital ligament |
ligaments and joints of the ribs |
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joints between the ribs and the costal cartilages |
costochondrial joints |
ligaments and joints of the ribs |
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ligaments and joints of the thoracic limb |
shoulder joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joints, carpal joints, metacarpal joints, phalangeal joints, and interdigital ligaments |
SERCMPI |
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ball-and-socket joint between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus. |
shoulder joint |
ligaments and joints of the TL |
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formed by the humeral condyle with the head of the radius, the humeroradial joint, and with the semilunar notch of the ulna, the humeroulnar joint. |
elbow joint |
ligaments and joints of the TL |
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proximal radioulnar joint extends distally between the articular circumference of the radius and the radial notch of ulna. it freely communicates with the main part of the elbow joint and is regarded as a part of it. |
radioulnar joints |
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what are the carpal joints? |
antebrachiocarpal joint, middle carpal joint, and carpometacarpal joint |
ACM |
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composite articulations that include proximal, distal, and intercarpal joint surfaces. as a whole, it acts as a ginglymus. |
carpal joints |
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located between the distal part of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones. |
antebrachiocarpal joint |
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located between the 2 rows of the carpal bones. |
middle carpal joint |
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located between the carpus and the metacarpus. |
carpometacarpal joint |
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what are the metacarpal joints? |
intermetacarpal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint |
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close-fitting joints between the proximal ends of adjacent metacarpal bones. |
intermetacarpal joint |
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five joints formed by the distal ends of the metacarpal bones and the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. |
metacarpophalangeal joint |
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phalangeal joints |
proximal interphalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints |
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forms a continuous superficial V-shaped ligamentous structure |
interdigital ligaments |
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ligaments and joints of the pelvic limb |
sacro-iliac joint, hip joint, stifle/knee joint, ligaments of the stifle joint, tibiofibular joint, and tarsal joint |
SHSLTT |
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a combined synovial and cartilaginous joint |
sacro-iliac joint |
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formed by the head of the femur articulating eith the acetabulum. |
hip joint |
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a complex condylar synovial joint. freely connected with this is the femoropatellar joint located between the patella and the trochlea of the femur. |
stifle/knee joint |
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ligaments of the stifle joint |
meniscal ligaments, cranial tibial ligaments, caudal tibial ligaments, femoral ligaments, intermeniscal ligaments, femorotibial ligaments, medial (tibial) collateral ligament, and lateral (fibular) collateral ligament |
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what are the tibiofibular joints |
proximal tibiofibular joint and distal tibiofibular joint |
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small and tightly fitting. |
proximal tibiofibular joint |
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receives an extension of the synovial membrane from the lateral side of the talocrural joint. |
distal tibiofibular joint |
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composite joint, the talocrural joint/ankle joint, permits the greatest degree of movement. |
tarsal joints |
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