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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is the lipophilic portion of a local anesthetic
aromatic nucleus
what is the part of the anesthetic that people can be allergic to if its an esther
linkage
what are some properties of an ideal local anesthetic
potent, reversible,absence of local, systemic, and allergic reactions, sterilizable by autoclave, and rapid onset
what are the sites of mechamism of action for local anesthetics
axons and sodium channels
what is reduced in the presence of infection
free base
what occurs with the efflux of potassium
repolarization
what is the effect of a more acidic environment on the effectiveness of local anesthetics
decreased effectiveness of local anesthetic
what form of the local anesthetic is necessary to penetrate the nerve membrane
cationic portion
what is the effect of reducing the rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetic
reduce the chance of systemic toxicity
what is the site of metabolism for amide local anesthetics
the liver
prilocaine and articaine have the potential to cause what serious adverse reaction
methemoglobinemia
what is used when a pt reports allergy to all anesthetics
diphenhydramine(benadryl)
what is sulfite
antioxidant for the vasoconstrictor, which can trigger an acute asthma attack
what is the cardiac dose of 1:100,000 epinephrine
2 cartriges
lidocaine can be used safely for what type of pt
pregnant
what is lidocaine
provides 60-90 min. of pulpal anesthesia
what is bupivacaine
the longest duration of action
what is articaine(septocaine)
an esther and an amide derived from thiopene
what is the amount of articaine metabolized in the liver
5-10%
what is dyclonine
topical anesthetic that is neither an ester or amide
what is the vasoconstrictor used with mepivicaine
levonordefrin
what is benzocaine
most commonly used topical anesthetic, which can cause systemic toxicity if used on abraded skin
what are two agents known to cause clinically significant drug interactions when combined with epinephrine
beta-adrenergic antagonists and tricyclic antidepressants