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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cerebellum
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-motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium and muscle tone
-does not initiate mvmt, but coordinates and smooths -ex: many muscles needed in piano, swimming, juggling -test with balance, gait, tandem walking, RAM, finger to finger, finger to nose, heel to shin |
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Spinothalamic Tract
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-transmit pain, temp and crude or light touch (not precisely localized)
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Posterior (dorsal) columns
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-proprioception, vibration, finely localized touch (stereognosis)
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CN 1
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-Olfactory
-Smell -Sensory |
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CN 2
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-Optic
-Vision -Sensory |
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CN 3
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-Oculomotor
-Most EOM mvmt (motor) -parasympathetic pupil constriction and lens shape -Mixed |
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CN 4
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-Trochlear
-Down and inward mvmt of eye -Motor |
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CN 5
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-Trigeminal
-Mastication muscles (motor) -Sensation of face/scalp (sensory) -Corneal reflex -Mixed |
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CN 6
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-Abducens
-Lateral mvmt of eye -Motor |
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CN 7
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-Facial
-Facial muscles (motor) -Taste on anterior (sensory) -Parasympathetic saliva and tear secretion -Mixed |
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CN 8
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-Acoustic
-Hearing and equilibrium -Sensory |
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CN 9
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-Glossopharyngeal
-Pharynx (motor) -Taste on posterior (sensory) - can't test -Parasympathetic parotid gland, carotid reflex -Mixed |
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CN 10
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-Vagus
-Pharynx/Larynx talking/swallowing (motor) -General sensation (sensory) -Parasympathetic carotid reflex -Mixed |
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CN 11
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-Spinal
-Trapezius and sternomastoid mvmt -Motor |
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CN 12
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-Hypoglossal
-Tongue (light, tight, dynamite) -Motor |
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Spinal Nerves
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-31 pairs
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Romberg test
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-Stand, close eyes
-positive sign is loss of balance -Cerebellar ataxia (MS, alcohol), loss of proprioception, loss vestibular function |
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Testing spinothalamic tract
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pain (sharp vs. soft), temperature, light touch
-analgesia, anesthesia |
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Testing Posterior Column tract
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Vibration, kinesthesia (move finger up or down), sterognosis, graphesthesia, two point descrimintation, extinction, point location
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Paresis
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weakness rather than paralysis
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Myoclonus
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-rapid, sudden jerk
-hiccup, arm or leg jerk while falling asleep -severe with grand mal seizures |
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Essential tremor
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type of intention tremor, most common tremor with older people
-benign, not associated with disease, but stress -improves with sedatives, alcohol |
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Athetosis
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-Slow, twisting, writhing, snake/worm
-cerebral palsy |
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Decorticate Rigidity
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-Flexion of arm, adduction of arm, extension & internal rotation of leg
-lesion of cerebral cortex |
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Decerebrate Ridigity
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-Extension, aduction, internal rotation of arms, extension of legs, teeth clenched, hyperextended back
-more ominous -lesion in brainstem |
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Thumb, middle finger and 5th finger
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C6. C7. C8
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axilla
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T1
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nipple
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T4 (5th ICS)
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umbilicus
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T10
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Groin
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L1
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Knee
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L4
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4th most common cause of death in US
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Stroke
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Sequence for complete neurologic exam
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1. Mental Status
2. Cranial nerves 3. motor system 4. Sensory system 5. Reflexes |
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DTR grading
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4 - very brisk
3 - brisker (normal patellar) 2 - average, normal 1 - dimished 0 - no response |
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Cremasteric reflex
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elevation of the ipsilateral testical
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Key sign with alzheimer's
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memory loss
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Anosmia
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loss of smell
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Visual acuity
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tests for defect or absent central vision
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Fasciculation
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-Twitching
occurs with cold exporsure or fatigue -not significant |
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Tremor
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involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups
all disappear while sleeping |
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Rest tremor
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-when muscles are quiet and -supported against gravity
course and slow -"pill rolling" parkinsonism |
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Intention tremor
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cerebellar disease and MS
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Festinating
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-posture stooped, trunk pitched forward
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Kernig
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-flat supine, raise leg straight or flex thigh on abdomen, and extend knee
-resistance to straightening (hamstring spasm) -Menigitis |
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Brudzinski
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-one hand under neck, hand on chest, flex chin on chest
-flexion of hips -meningitis |
