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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is structural functional perspective?
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Looks at the society as an integrated whole- everyone is dependent upon each other
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Who are the founding fathers of structural functional perspective?
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August Comte
Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim Talcott Parsons |
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Feature of Structural Functional approach are...? (list 8)
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1- society as an integrated whole
2-systematic 3-individuals are indispensable 4-temporary imbalances 5-dysfunctional elements leading 6-social change is evolutionary 7-social integration through legitimization 8- social stratification is good and functional |
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August Comte's ideas:
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-Society is like the life of a baby.
-Small and weak, but you grow to be stronger and bigger -The decay process begins, like an old person |
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Herbert Spencer's ideas: (2)
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1: Society is like a social organism:
-growth and development -looks and size change over time 2: Differentiation in structure leading to differentiation in function |
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Emile Durkheim's ideas: (2)
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1: Social Organism
2: Inter relationship of parts and the whole |
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Talcott Parsons' ideas about what society must do:
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1: Adaptation
2: goal attainment 3: integration 4: latency |
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What is social differentiation?
Give example |
Classification of individuals into various socially recognizable groups.
EX: social class, race, gender, ethnicity, religion... |
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What is social inequality and stratification?
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System of ranking individuals in terms of their access to possessions.
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Name 3 stratification systems:
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1: Caste Analysis
2: Estate System 3: Social class system |
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What is the Caste Analysis?
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From Hindu's in India
people come from different parts of the body, if you come form body parts close to the ground then you're lower |
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What is the Estate System?
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From Europe
-Nobilty, Clergy, Peasants. **ending when industrialization began** |
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What are the 3 dimensions of Social Stratification in the U.S.?
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1: economic
2: status 3: political |
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What is the Gilbert and Kahl Model on Social Stratification?
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Six classes:
capitalist, upper middle, middle, working, working poor, underclass. |
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Davis and Moore on Social Inequality:
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-no society is classless
-stratification is functional -motivation to succeed -some positions require more talent that others |
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What are Criticisms on Davis and Moore?
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- unequal access to resources
-stratification leads to status quo - it makes conflict, not integration |
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What are social organizations?
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Stable patterns of social relationships among individuals and groups in a society
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What are the 2 agents of social organizations? describe them.
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Human agents: priest, parents= keep things in order
Socio-Cultural agents: culture is established and goes from generation to generation |
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What are social institutions?
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Set up rules and regulations to regulate human needs
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What are the 6 functions of social institutions?
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1: Economic activities
2: socialization 3: education 4: social control 5: religion 5: preservation and transmission of culture |
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What is conflict perspective?
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Society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict. It generates from social change.
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5 main features of conflict perspective:
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1: various parts of the social system don't fit together
2: social ordering through force 3: competing goals leads to conflicts 4: limited resources make conflict 5: conflict is the real change in society |
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Karl Marx on conflict perspective:
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Evolution of society
Alienation Bourgeoisie and proletariat classes have conflicts |
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Criticism on Karl Marx
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-Too much emphasis on economic organizations
-Societies aren't always under conflict -conflict doesn't always make change |
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What is Durkheim's mechanical solidarity?
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-Simple division of labor
-homogenous -collective conscience -similarity of individuals -no ego or individualism |
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What is Durkheim's organic solidarity?
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-complex division of labor
- differences in people -interdependence -increased individualism -dehumanization -anomie |
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How does Weber describe bureaucracy?
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hierarchy
clear division of labor impersonal -has precision, speed, unambiguity, knowledge and unity. |
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What is rational legal authority?
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society gives it to an individual w. legal background (cops)
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What is traditional authority?
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Based on culture, like a priest, pope or minister.
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What is charismatic authority?
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your individual personality like MLK or Hitler.
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What are Weber's 3 classes in social inequality?
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-Property- ownership
-Commercial- work in businesses -Social- independent of others |
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How does Weber view status?
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-restricted pattern of social interaction (frats, sororities)
-monopoly of economic opportunities |
