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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phylum name for flatworms |
Platyhelminthes |
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4 Classes of Flatworms |
Turbellaria Trematoda Cestoda Monogenea |
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Free living group of flatworms |
Flatworms (Planaria) |
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Parasitic Flatworms |
Flukes Tapeworms Ectoparasites |
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Organism of Turbellaria |
Flatworms or Planaria |
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Organism of Trematoda |
Flukes |
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Organism of Cestoda |
Tapeworms |
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Organism of Monogenea |
Ectoparasites |
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Subgroup of Platyhelminthes |
Bilateria |
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Advantages of Bilateral Symmetry |
1.) Creates Cephalization 2.) Allows for segmentation 3.) Allows for specialized body appendages 4.) Allows for 1 way digestion |
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Advantage of radial symmetry |
Allows for 360° sensory perception |
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Gastrovascular Cavity |
Where digestion occurs Nutrient absorption takes place via endocytosis Waste products expelled via exocytosis |
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Body Systems of Turbellaria |
Digestive Nervous Reproductive Excretory |
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Parts of Turbellaria Digestive System |
Mouth & pharynx Gastrovascular cavity |
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Parts of Turbellaria Nervous System |
Surface Structures: Sensory Cilia Adhesive Glands Releaser Glands Ocelli Statocyst |
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Role of Sensory Cilia |
Located on the ventral surface to detect substrate |
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Adhesion Glands |
Produce adhesive substances to allow for attachment to substrate |
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Releaser Glands |
Produce releasing enzymes to break down adhesion substances |
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Ocelli |
Primitive eye spots with pigmented cells to send light and dark signals to photoreceptor neurons *oldest "eyes" in animal kingdom |
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Statocyst |
Orientation organ; orients animal in their environment |
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Benefit of hermaphrodism |
Increases mating opportunities |
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Forms of asexual reproduction in Turbellaria |
Regeneration & Fission |
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Parts of Turbellaria Excretory System |
Nephridia Flame Bulb |
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Nephridia |
Excretory canals that run throughout the body absorbing water |
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Flame Bulb |
End point of Excretory Canals containing ciliated cells that filter waste to the nephridia pores (excretory pores) |
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Primary Host |
Host for the adult body form of a parasite; where reproduction takes place |
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Miricidia |
Egg case, with a similar morphology to a chicken egg, containing a developing larvae |
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Cercariae |
Free swimming larvae of a liver fluke |
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Lifecycle of Liver Fluke |
1.) Human host eats encysted fish 2.) Flukes mature in bile ducts of liver & produce eggs 3.) Miracidia pass through intestines & into feces 4.) Miracidia ingested by aquatic snails & develop into sporocysts 5.) Sporocysts devlop into cercariae & leave snail 6.) Cercariae invade muscle tissue of fish and form cysts |
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Body Sections of Cestoda |
Scolex Neck Proglottids |
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Scolex |
Attachment organ composed of rostellium & suckers |
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Rostellium |
Crown of hooks that bury into intestines of host |
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Neck of Cestoda |
Contains stem cells used to build up body segments |
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Proglottids |
Body segments that build from the neck; where nutrient absorption takes place; reproductive structures in each segment |
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Lifecycle of tape worm |
1.) Egg contaminated vegetation is ingested by livestock 2.) Eggs hatch and larvae infect muscle tissue of livestock & forms a cyst 3.) Human ingestes encysted meat where adult tapeworm develops and attaches in intestine |
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Classes of Phylum Mollusca |
Bivalvia Monoplacophora Gastropoda Cephalopoda Scaphopoda Aplacophora Polyplacophora Ammomoidea |
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Organisms of Class Bivalvia |
Scallops Clams Oysters Mussels |
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Tridacna deresa |
Giant Clam - immobile & have symbiotic zooxanthellae |
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Bivalvia filter feeding method |
Highly structured entrance valve pulls water in and exits a second valve |
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Byssal threads |
Hair like structures that allow for attachment to substrate |
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Family Unionids |
Mussels native to Ohio Valley Have lures to attract fish to host larvae (lure morphology varies greatly) |
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Monoplacophora |
One plate Limpet like Living fossils; thought to be extinct until the 1950s |
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Organisms of Class Gastropoda |
Snails, Slugs, Limpets, and Sea Hares |
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Organisms of Cephalopoda |
Squid, Octopi, Nautilus, Cuttlefish, & Ammonites |
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Typical Mollusca Body Plan |
Radula Mantle Foot Gill Shell |
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Radula |
Tongue like structure in the mouth that is lined with sharp ridges allow for scraping of food from substrates |
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Mantle |
Cloak like covering that surrounds internal organs and secretes calcium carbonate to create the shell |
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Foot |
Allows for movement and can be specialized for borrowing or hunting |
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Gill |
Allows for respiration and digestion via a ciliated food groove that leads to the mouth |
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Shell |
Made of calcium carbonate (limestone) and an outer surface of chiton |
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Feeding Methods of Mollusca |
Grazers Filter Feeders Predators Parasites |
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Coelomates |
True internal & isolated body cavity Evolutionary advancement Complete & efficient digestive tract |
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Gonochoristic |
Exclusive male and female sexes that produce only 1 gamete type |
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Bivalve Life Cycle |
1.) Males release sperm into water column and females uptake for internal fertilization 2.) Larvae will develop in brood pouch of female until they are ready to be released as mature Glochidia 3.) Females use lure to attract a fish & release Glochidia to attach to fish gills 4.) Juveniles will release from fish gills to burrow into substrate |
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Glochidia |
Mature larvae of bivalve that attaches to fish gills |
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Adapted Typical Body Plan for Cephalopods |
Foot- tentacle & arms Radula - beak Siphon - for jet propulsion instead of feeding Proison Gland Rudimentary Shell - reduced for mobility Ink Sac - predation evasion |
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Spermatophore of Cephalopod |
Packet full of sperm cells that is deposited into the mantle of the female for internal fertilization |
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Chromatophore Cells |
Color changing cells for communication, camouflage, and predation |
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Architeuthis spp |
Giant Squid |
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Scaphopoda |
Tusk shells Unique Appendage: Captacula |
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Captacula |
Appendages near mouth for grasping food; unique to Class Scaphopoda |
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Aplacophora |
No plates Spicule covered worm like animals |
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Polyplacophores |
Many plates Chitons |
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Ammonoidea |
Extinct class of mollusc |
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Phylum Annelida |
Segmented Worms |
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Classes of Phylum Annelida |
Polychaeta Clitellata |
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Subclasses of Clitellata |
Oligochaeta Hirudinea |
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Organisms of Class Polychaeta |
Marine Worms |
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Organisms of Subclass Oligochaeta |
Earthworms and many aquatic worms |
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Organisms of Subclass Hirudinea |
Leeches |
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General Morphology of Annelids |
Segmented body Hydrostatic Skeleton Clitellum Setae Closed Circulatory System Primitive Brain |
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Clitellum |
Site of gamete exchange |
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Setae |
Sensory bristles/hairs for movement and sensation |
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Closed Circulatory System |
Blood stays within vessels |
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Parapodium |
Appendages with setae and respiratory vessels |
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Radiole |
Adapted setae of christmas tree worm Used to capture food |
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Trophosome |
Special organ of Giant Tube Worms that houses chemosynthetic bacteria that convert CO2 and Sulfur to energy |
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Body Structures of Hirudinea |
Oral Sucker Crop Caudal Sucker |
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Oral Sucker of Hirudinea |
Composed of a jaw, extremely sharp ridges of teeth, and salivary glands that secrete anticoagulants |
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Crop |
Blood storage organ or hirudinea |
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Caudal Sucker of Hirudinea |
Attachment organ |
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Asexual Reproduction of Annelids |
Budding Fission Regeneration Strobilation |
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Ecdysozoans |
Exhibit Ecdysis |
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Ecdysis |
Shedding the exoskeleton |
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Arthropods Subphyla |
Trilobytamorpha Chelicerata Myriapoda Crustacea Hexapoda |
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Classes of Chelicerata |
Arachnida Merostomata Pycnogonida |
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Orders of Arachnida |
Acari Araneae Scorpions |
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Organisms of Acari |
Mites & Ticks |
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Organisms of Araneae |
Spiders |
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Organisms of Class Merostomata |
Horseshoe Crabs |
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Organisms of Pycnogonida |
Sea Spiders |
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Classes of Myriapoda |
Chilopoda Diplopoda |
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Organisms of Chilopoda |
Centipedes |
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Organisms of Class Diplopoda |
Millipedes |
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General Morphology of Arthropods |
Exoskeleton Segmented Body Jointed Appendages Heart w/open circulatory system Spiracles Book lung Gonopods Malpighian Tubules |
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Malpighian Tubules |
Extension of the digestive tract that eliminates nitrogenous waste Only in terrestrial organisms |
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Classes of Subphyla Crustacea |
Brachiopoda Maxillopoda Ostracoda Malacostraca |
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Organisms of Brachiopoda |
Brine Shrimp |
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Brachiopod |
Swimming and respiration appendage |
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Organisms of Class Maxillopoda |
Barnacles Copepods Cirripedia |
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Organisms of Class Ostracoda |
Seed Shrimp |
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Organisms of Class Malacostraca |
Lobsters Crabs Krill Shrimp |
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General Morphology of Crustacea |
2 pairs of antennae 5 + pairs of legs Cephalothorax |
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Gonopods |
External male genitalia |
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Book Lung |
Exoskeleton folds which increases surface area for gas exchange |
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Classes of Subphyla Hexapoda |
Insecta Entognatha |
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Hemimetabolous Development |
Larvae are essentially small adult forms with minimal morphological changes during development |
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Holometabolous Development |
Larvae go through significant morphological changes in development |
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Organisms of Class Insecta |
Winged Hexpods |
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Organisms of Class Entognatha |
Wingless Hexapods |
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General Morphology of Class Insecta |
3 pairs of legs 1-2 pairs of wings |
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Specialized Sensory Organs of Class Insecta |
Antennae Compound Eye |
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Periciopods |
Walking legs of crustaceans |
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Swimmerets |
Modified legs for respiration of movement in water |
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Cheliped |
Modified legs into pincers of crustaceans |
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General Morphology of Subphyla Chelicerates |
No antennae 4 pairs of legs Chelicerae Pedipalps |
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Tergite |
Outer plates covering body segments of Subphyla Myriapoda |
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Morphology of Class Chilopoda |
1 pair of legs per body segment Ocelli Venomous Fangs |
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Morphology of Class Diplopoda |
2 pairs of legs per body segment Generally rounded body shape |
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Theory behind evolution of insect wings |
1.) Form of thermoregulation 2.) Gill adaptation |
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Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) |
Derived from horseshoe crab blood for bio medical sterilization |