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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social psychology |
the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others |
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Attitudes |
evaluations of people, objects, ideas, and behavior |
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Central route processing |
the type of mental processing that occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments use to persuade |
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Peripheral route processing |
the type of mental processing that occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors |
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Cognitive dissonances |
the mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions). |
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Social cognition |
the cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves |
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Schemas |
sets of cognitions about people and social experiences |
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Central traits |
the major traits considered in forming impressions of others |
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Attribution theory |
the theory that considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of person's behavior, what the specific causes of that behavior are |
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Situational causes (of behavior) |
causes of behavior that are external to a person |
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Dispositional causes (of behavior) |
perceived causes of behavior brought about by a person's traits or personality characteristics |
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Halo effect |
a phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits in used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics |
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Assumed-similarity bias |
the tendency to think of people as being simular to oneself even when meeting them for thefirst time |
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Self-serving bias |
the tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself |
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Fundamental attribution error |
a tendency to overattribute other's behavior to dispositional causes and minimize the importance of situational causes |
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Social influence |
the process by which social groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either delieberately or unintentionally |
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Group |
two or more people who interact with one another, perceive themselves as part of a group, and are interdependent |
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Conformity |
a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people |
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Status |
the social standing of someone in a group |
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Social supporter |
a group member whose dissenting views make non-conformity to the group easier |
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Groupthink |
a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view |
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Compliance |
behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure |
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Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology |
the branch of psychology focusing on work and job-relating issues, including worker motivation, satisfaction, safety, and productivity |
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Obedience |
a change in behavior in response to the commands of others |
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Stereotype |
a set of generalized beliefs and epectations about a particular group and its members |
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Prejudice |
a negative (or positve) evaluation of a particular group and its members |
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Discrimination |
behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group |
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Social neuroscience |
the subfield of social psychology that seeks to identify the neurological basis of social behavior |
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Interpersonal attraction (or close relationship) |
positive feelings for others; liking and loving |
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Reciprocity-of-liking effect |
a tendency to like those who like us |
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Passionate (or romantic) love |
a state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another |
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Companionate love |
the strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved |
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Aggression |
the intential injury of, or harm to, another person |
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Catharis |
the process of discharging built-up aggressive energy |
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Prosocial behavior |
helping behavior |
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Diffusion of responsibility |
the belief that resonsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present |
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Altruism |
behavior meant to help another person without regard for self-interest |