Intro To Psych Mod 1

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Psychology

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The scientific study of the mind and behavior

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Structuralism

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Focused on the contents of mental processes rather than their function

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Wilhelm Wundt

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The first person to be refered to as a psychologist. He viewed psychology as a scientific study of conscious experience. He believed that the goal of psychology was to identify components of consciousness and how these components combined to result in our conscious experience.

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Introspection

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Aka internal perception; a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible making the human mind like any other aspect of nature that a scientist observed.

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Functionalism

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Focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into an environment and was more interested in the operation of the whole mind rather than of its individual parts, which was the focus of structuralism.

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William James

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He was the first American psychologist who embraced a different perspective on how psychology should operate. he believes psychology's purpose was to study the function of behavior in the world.

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Sigmund Freud

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He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from hysteria and neurosis. He theorized that many of his patients problems arose from the unconscious mind which was a repository of feelings and urges of which we have no awareness.

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Psychoanalytic Theory

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Focuses on the role of a person's unconsciousness as well as early childhood experiences and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades.

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Psychoanalytic Theory

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Focuses on the role of a person's unconsciousness as well as early childhood experiences and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades.

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Gestalt Psychology

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The phrase roughly translates to whole and a major emphasis was placed on the fact that although a sensory experience can be broken down into individual parts how these parts relate to each other as a whole is often what the individual responds to in perception. This perspective directly contradicts Wundt's ideas of structuralism.

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for example a song may be made up of individual nodes played by different instruments but the real nature of the song is perceived in the combinations of these notes as they form the melody rhythm and harmony

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Behaviorism

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The study of behavior

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Behaviorism

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The study of behavior

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Ivan Pavlov

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Studied the form of learning behavior called a conditioned reflex in which animal or human produced a reflex response to a stimulus and over time was conditioned to produce the response to a different stimulus that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus.

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Salvation in the presence of food

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John B. Watson

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An influential American psychologist who's most famous work occurred during the early 20th century at John Hopkins University. He thought that the study of consciousness was flawed because he believed that objective analysis of the mind was impossible and preferred to focus directly on observable behavior and trying to bring that behavior under control.

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B.F. Skinner

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An American psychologist and behaviorist who concentrated on how behavior was affected by its consequences. He spoke of reinforcement and punishment as major factors in driving behavior and developed a chamber that allowed the careful study of the principles of modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment known as an operant conditioning chamber.

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Abraham Maslow

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He was best known for his proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior. He asserted that as long as basic needs for survival were met, higher level needs will begin to motivate behavior.

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Carl Rogers

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He emphasize the potential Good that exists within all people. He used a therapeutic technique known as client-centered therapy in helping his clients deal with problematic issues that resulted in their seeking psychotherapy. he believed that people were more than capable of dealing with and working through their own issues.

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Humanism

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A perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate in all humans.

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Cognitive Psychology

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New disciplinary perspectives in linguistics neuroscience and computer science or emerging and these areas revived interest in the mind as a focus of scientific inquiry. This focus became known as a new class of psychology.

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Noam Chomsky

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He was very influential in the early days of the cognitive movement because he was dissatisfied with the influence that behaviorism had had on psychology. I believe that psychologists focus on behavior was short-sighted and that the field had to re-incorporate mental functioning into its purview if it were to offer any meaningful contributions to understanding behavior.

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Cross-cultural Psychology

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Compare his populations across countries such as participants from the United States compared to participants from China.

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Multicultural psychology

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Develop theories and conduct research with diverse populations typically within one country.