Intro To Criminal Justice Chapter 2 Study Guide

Front 1

One problem with finding an appropriate definition of crime is that...

Back 1

Many dangerous and harmful behaviors are not defined as crimes, while many less dangerous and less harmful behaviors are.

Front 2

A typical ..... definition of crime is "behavior that violates the norms of society.".

Back 2

Social

Front 3

A typical ....... definition of crime is "An intentional violation of a criminal law or penal code, committed without defense or excuse and penalized by the state."

Back 3

Legal

Front 4

A(n) ....... is any standard or rule regarding what human beings should or should not think, say, or do under given circumstances.

Back 4

Norm

Front 5

If a person does not want to commit a crime but is forced to do so against his/her will, he/she is committed the crime...

Back 5

Under Duress

Front 6

When a individual commits a crime and claims that he/she committed it under duress, on who is the burden of proof?

Back 6

The Offender

Front 7

Any record of crimes can be considered a ... or estimate of crimes committed.

Back 7

Crime Index

Front 8

A(n) ... is expressed as a number of crimes per unit of population.

Back 8

Crime Rate

Front 9

What was the index crime for which women were most frequently arrested in 2009?

Back 9

Larceny Theft

Front 10

The term ..... refers to criminal conduct--specifically, intentional or criminally negligent action or inaction that causes harm.

Back 10

Actus Reus

Front 11

Most legal excuses for criminal responsibility are based on the belief that certain offenders lack the capacity or competence or have diminished capacity or competence to form:

Back 11

Mens Reus

Front 12

In most American jurisdictions, the upper age limit for juvenile delinquency is _____, and the lower limit is usually ____.

Back 12

18;7

Front 13

Perhaps the most important problem with the M'Naughten rule is that:

Back 13

It does not address the situation of a defendant who knew the difference between right and wrong but nevertheless was unable to control his or her actions.

Front 14

People are generally considered either not responsible or less responsible for their crimes if they are:

Back 14

All of the Above

Front 15

What is the Latin term for crimes that are "wrong in themselves"; crimes characterized by universality and timelessness?

Back 15

Mala in se

Front 16

Which of the following is a reason why victims fail to report crimes?

Back 16

All of the Above

Front 17

Crimes that are NOT officially recorded by the police are called:

Back 17

The dark figure of crime

Front 18

The practice of counting only the most serious offense in a multiple-crime event is feature of the:

Back 18

Uniform Crime Report

Front 19

The textbook lists several factors indirectly related to crime that can affect crime rates. Three are listed below. Which of the following was NOT listed in your textbook?

Back 19

Family size

Front 20

The _____ is/are a collection of crime statistics and other law enforcement information published annually under the title Crime in the United States.

Back 20

Uniform Crime Reports

Front 21

Which of the following crimes is NOT a uniform crime report Part I Offense?

Back 21

Fraud

Front 22

A(n) ______ is an act that is illegal for a juvenile but would not be a crime if committed by an adult, such as truancy or running away from home.

Back 22

Status Offense

Front 23

Perhaps the greatest and most important difference between the NIBRS and the UCR is that the NIBRS:

Back 23

Contains more data on each crime, making it possible to examine crimes in much more detail.

Front 24

The National Crime Victimization Survey was formerly called:

Back 24

The National Crime Surveys

Front 25

To date, most self-report crime surveys conducted in the United States have been administered to:

Back 25

School Children

Front 26

A study by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) determined which crimes have the highest annual victim costs. Which one does NOT belong?

Back 26

Arson

Front 27

For many crime victims, _____ is/are the most burdensome and lasting consequence of their victimization.

Back 27

Fear

Front 28

Survey results discussed in your text suggest that there is a greater fear of being _____ than there is of being _____.

Back 28

A crime victim in general; The victim of a specific crime.

Front 29

Which of the following statements about fear of crime is true.

Back 29

Younger people are more fearful than older people of sexual assault and burglary.

Front 30

The object of criminal justice in the United States is to prevent and control crime.

T/F

Back 30

True

Front 31

In general, norms do not change from time to time or from place to place.

T/F

Back 31

False

Front 32

The major advantage of a social definition of crime, at least on the surface, is that it is narrower and less ambiguous than a legal definition of crime.

T/F

Back 32

False

Front 33

The United States Constitution forbids ex post facto laws.

T/F

Back 33

True

Front 34

Any index of crime varies with the changes in police practices, court policies, and public opinion.

T/F

Back 34

True

Front 35

Crime rates provide a more accurate indication of increases or decreases in crime indexes than do total numbers of crimes.

T/F

Back 35

True

Front 36

Clearance rates are a rough index of police performance in solving crimes.

T/F

Back 36

True

Front 37

Most people in American society have never committed a crime.

T/F

Back 37

False