Intro To Crime And Criminology Chapter 7

Front 1

Street Crime

Back 1

Non serious types of offending that occur ‘on the streets’ - intoxication, vandalism, graffiti, common assaults, street robberies, street prostitution and small quantities of drugs sold on street level. Known as misdemeanours or ‘soft crime’

Front 2

Hot Spots

Back 2

small places in which the occurrence of crime is so frequent that it is highly predictable, at least over a one year period. • 3% of places generate over 50% of all problems

Front 3

Collective efficacy

Back 3

The degree to which a community can mount a task oriented effort to deal with low level crimes.

Front 4

Disorder

Back 4

OR Incivilities -Low level incidents like urinating in public, yelling in the streets, etc. Often split into social (lewd acts, loitering) and physical categories (broken windows and bottles). Generally occurs on weekend nights and large gatherings of people. direct link between disorder and serious crime. Community based processes may separate the relationship between disorder and the ‘spiral of decline’.

Front 5

Drug Dealing

Back 5

Buying drugs from a street drug dealer in a club or pub or any other public place is considered the street level of the drug market. Highly clustered activity that tends to occur in ‘drug hot spots’. Less than 5% of urban streets produce almost half (%46) of a cities narcotic related arrests and calls for service.

Front 6

Cocaine

Back 6

Sold at major throughways and corners, customers get easy access to market

Front 7

Methamphetamine

Back 7

Sold through networks and nightclubs

Front 8

Drunkenness

Back 8

Aus. states and territories have a total of 39 different Acts that deal with general or specific issues with alcohol. The goal of limiting trading hours and creating bans on drinking in public places is to reduce the number of fights and lude behaviour that goes hand in glove with alcohol consumption in public.
23% of males and 22% of females aged 14 to 19 drank on a weekly basis.
Being drunk creates increased risk of being victimised.
Increased risk of perpetrating crime.
Decreased quality of life of people working / living in Hot Spots.

Front 9

Street Prostitution

Back 9

Counts for 10 – 20% of all prostitution
Visible negative effect on the community
Generally young women with social, economic and health problems
6 to 8 hrs. a day with 3 to five clients per night
Generally fixed to certain public places conducive to feeling comfortable in the environment.

Front 10

Street assaults

Back 10

Assault is the most common form of crime in against a person
Assault is the most under reported offence to Police
Age is a significant factor in reporting assault to Police
Gender is also a factor in reporting assault to Police
70% of low level assaults are never reported to the Police
Males compromise of over 54% of all assault victims
Cost of assaults 1.4 billion per year ($1800 per assault)

Front 11

Street robberies

Back 11

50% of low level robberies are never reported to the Police
Males aged 15to 24 have a high prevalence of victimisation for robbery
Most common location is in the street or other open land (%34)
Cost of robbery $600 Million per year ($3600 per robbery

Front 12

Policing Street Crimes

Back 12

Problem oriented policing framework
Directed patrols and problem oriented policing in identified hot spots
Rapid repair of broken windows and vandalism
Removal of abandoned vehicles
Controlling access to high risk places
Enforcing civil laws and regulations
Diverting traffic
Exposing prostitution clients to publicity.