Intro To Business Chapter 11

Front 1

Production

Back 1

process of getting a good or a service to the customer

Front 2

operations management

Back 2

consists of managing the activities and processes to produce and distribute goods and services

Front 3

Issues that affect the efficiencies of a company’s production process

Back 3

-increasing competition
-global manufacturing pressures
-changing customer needs
-increasing prices on resources and labor
-sagging economy

Front 4

utility supply

Back 4

availability of public infrastructure services, such as electricity, natural gas, water, and communications

Front 5

what impacts location selection?

Back 5

-labor availability
-living conditions
-laws and regulations

Front 6

facility layout

Back 6

physical arrangement of resources and people in the production process and how they interact

Front 7

Manufacturing in the United States

Back 7

-US manufacturing accounted for one-tenth of all US jobs in 2009
-Manufacturing in the US was hit hard in the past decade by significant increases in imported goods, causing job losses
-because manufacturing firms use a substantial amount of commodities and services as inputs,

Front 8

different types of facility layours
1. Process layout
2. Product layout
3. cellular layout
4. fixed position layouts

Back 8

-groups together similar tasks, and the partially assembled product moves from one station to the next as workers perform a particular step in the production process. used to produce low volume, customized products
-used mostly for high-volume, standardized products that can be produced in a sequential fashion.
-places small teams of workers who handle all aspects of assembly. each station is equipped with the parts and tools necessary to produce a product from start to finish and the workers move through the workstations
-used for manufacturing large items, such as ships, airplanes, and modular homes. product stays in one place and workers move around the product to complete its assembly

Front 9

make-or-buy decision

Back 9

decision of what needs to be manufactured and what needs to be purchased from outside suppliers when starting production process

Front 10

Supplier selection steps

Back 10

1. Clearly define requirements
2. Research potential suppliers and develop a list of 3-5 that fit the defined needs
3. Ask the potential suppliers for quotes
4. Decide and work out a contract

Front 11

production management

Back 11

the planning, implementation, and control measures used to convert resources into finished products

Front 12

utility

Back 12

value that satisfies customers' wants or needs

Front 13

production plan

Back 13

description of how resources are to be used to develop a product in a specific way

Front 14

mass production

Back 14

method of producing large quantities of goods at a low cost

Front 15

assembly line

Back 15

partially complete products are moved from one worker to the next on a conveyor belt

Front 16

mass customization

Back 16

production of goods/services tailored to meet customers' individual needs cost-effectively

Front 17

flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

Back 17

used for mass customization. several machines are linked together by one central computer. all machines in the system can process different part types simultaneously. can adapt to changes in schedules and product specifications
-Four components:
-processing machines
-material handling system
-central computer
-human labor
-Used for products with:
-low to medium demand
-frequent changes in demand
-A wider variety of possible customization

Front 18

lean production

Back 18

set of principles concerned with reducing waste and improving flow

Front 19

Computer-aided design (CAD)

Back 19

using a computer and software to create two-dimensional or three-dimensional models of physical parts

Front 20

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

Back 20

uses the desin data to control the machinery used in the manufacturing process

Front 21

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

Back 21

systems combine design and manufacturing functions with other automated functions, such as order taking, shipment, and billing for the complete automation of a manufacturing plant.

Front 22

scheduling

Back 22

efficient organization of equipment, facilities, labor, and materials
two types:
forward-start with date that materials are available, create the most efficient schedule, and then determine a shipping date based on that schedule
backward-given a shipping or due date, and you have to determine the start date and the most efficient schedule based on when everything must be finished

Front 23

Gantt chart

Back 23

developed by Henry Gantt in 1920s. used to lay out each task in a project, the order in which these tasks must be completed, and how long each task take,

Front 24

Program evaluation and review technique (PERT)

Back 24

maps out the various steps involved in a project, differentiating tasks that must be completed in a certain order from tasks that may be completed simultaneously

Front 25

purchasing

Back 25

task of acquiring the materials and services needed in production process

Front 26

inventory control

Back 26

receiving, storing, handling, and tracking of everything in a company's stock, from raw materials to finished products

Front 27

radio frequency identification (RFID)

Back 27

tag on each item, allowing a computer to keep track of the status and quantity of each item,.

Front 28

materials requirement planning (MRP)

Back 28

computer-based program used for inventory control and production planning

Front 29

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Back 29

does inventory control and process scheduling that MRP systems can do, but can integrate these functions with other aspects that business management would like to tie together, such as finance and human resources.

Front 30

total quality management (TQM)

Back 30

every factor in producing high-quality goods-management, customers, employees, and suppliers are inspected. to produce high quality

Front 31

statistical quality control (SQC)

Back 31

continual monitoring of each stage of the entire production process to ensure that quality standards are being met at every stage.

Front 32

Statistical Process control (SPC)

Back 32

uses statistical sampling of products at every phase of production and displays the results on a graph to show potential variations that need to be corrected
common SPC tool is Six Sigma-method that seeks to eliminate defects by removing variation in outcomes and measuring and analyzing manufacturing processes to see if standards are being met

Front 33

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Back 33

an organization dedicated to creating worldwide standards of quality for goods and services
ISO 9001- implements a quality management system
ISO 14001- implements an environmental management system

Front 34

Just-in-time (JIT)

Back 34

-have product once its sold