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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the over all function of insulin?
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depends on fasting or fed state
1)fed state: decrease blood glucose level and prevent hyperglycemia 2)fasting state: increase blood glucose level and prevent hypoglycemia |
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What is the general function of insulin in fed state?
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1)anabolism of protein, fat, glycogen
2) oxidation of carbs 3) DECREASED fat catabolism |
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What are the 3 tissues sensitive to insulin? (3)
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muscle
adipose liver |
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What is the effect of insulin in muscle?
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1) increase intracellular K
2) increase GLUT4 for glucose facilitated diffusion 3) glycolysis and glycogen synthesis 4) increases storage and decreases breakdown of fat |
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What is the effect of insulin in adipose tissue?
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1)production of &alpha glycerophosphate which accepts FA for triglyceride synthesis
2) increased storage and decreased breakdown of fat |
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What is the effect of insulin in the liver?
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1) ↑ insulin, ↑ glucokinase
2) this traps glucose in liver cells 3) decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis 4) ↓ ketogenesis |
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What hormones are increased in fed state vs fasting state?
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fed: ↑ insulin
fasting: ↓ insulin, ↑ glucagon, ↑ glucocorticoids, ↑ growth hormone, ↑ catecholamines |
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What happens to glucose in the fasting state in liver?
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increase glucose secretion by increasing glycogenolysis
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What happens to proteins in the fasting state?
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glucocorticoids cause an ↑ proteolysis
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What happens to lipids/fat cells in fasting?
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↑ lipolysis from catecholamines, growth hormone, glucagon and glucocorticoids
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What happens to gluconeogenesis in the fasting state?
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glucocorticoids and glucagon stimulate gluconeogenesis directly
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What is the pattern of fuel utilization during food deprivation?
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1)blood glucose: ↓ utilization by muscle and adipose
2) brain: terminal oxidation into CO2 and H2O 3) glycolysis to lactate and pyruvate in certain cell populations 4) FFA released by lipolysis 5) FFA turned into ketoacids in liver |
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What are the steps of insulin synthesis?
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