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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
three types of symbiotic relationships
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mutalism, commensalism, and parasitism.
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normal microbiota
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organisms that colonize the body's surfaces without normally causing disease
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resident and transient
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transient remain in the body for only hours to months
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Opportunistic Pathogens
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cause disease under CERTAIN circumstances. (immune suppression, changes in normal microbiota, introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site)
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Chain of infection
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causative agent, susceptible host, portal of entry (cuts, bites, ears, nose, mouth, vagina, anus), mode of transmission, portal of exit, reservoir
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Contamination
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mere presence of microbes in/on the body
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Infection
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results when pathogen has evaded external defenses, multiplied, and become established in host organism.
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mucous membranes
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line open areas of body, hospitable to pathogens. Respiratory is most common tract
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Placental route
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effective barrier, if infected may cause birth defects, abortion or premature birth
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Parental Route
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pathogens directly on tissues beneath the skin (punctures, cutes, bites, surgery, abrasions)
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Disease transmission
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contact, vehicle, vetor
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Portals of exit
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ear cut, eyes, nose, mouth, mammary, urethra, seminal
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Reservoirs
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sites where pathogens are maintained as sources of infections
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Zoonoses
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Animal resovior that spread diseases from host to humans. Acquired through direct contact or eating animal.
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Etiology
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study of the cause of particular diseases
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Disease
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results if invading pathogen alters the normal functions of body (morbidity)
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Symptoms
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Subjective characteristics of a disease felt only by the patient
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Signs
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objective manifestations of disease that can be observed or measured by others
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Syndrome
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group of symptoms and signs that characterize a disease or abnormal condition
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Disease stages
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incubation (no signs or symptoms) prodromal period (vague symptoms)
illness (sever symptoms & signs) decline (declining signs & symptoms) convalescence (no signs or symptoms) |
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Pathogenicity
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ability of a microorganism to cause disease
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Virulence
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degree of pathogenicity as determined by presence of 4 factors: adhesion factors, extracellular enzymes, toxins, antiphagocytic factors
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Adhesion
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attachment of microbes to host occurs through special structures'
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Extracellular enzymes
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secreted by pathogen, dissolve structure chemicals, help maintian infection invade further and avoid defense
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Toxins
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chemicals harm tissues or trigger host immune responses. toxemia is toxins in the bloodstream carried beyond site of infection
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Antiphagocytic Factors
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prevent phagocytosis by the hosts phagocytic cells. Bacterial capsule and antiphagocytic chemicals
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