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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the role of ot |
Provide homeostatic regulation of intestinal inflammation directed at harmless or beneficial antigens such as gut flora or foodwhat |
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What happens in inflammatory bowel disease |
A breakdown in tolerance to own gut florawya |
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What happens in coeliac disease |
Loss of tolerance the wheat gluten |
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What happens in crohns disrase |
Break down in commensual bacteria |
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What does a normal gut look like |
Long villi and short crypt Smooth epithelial layer Pale areas- goblet cells |
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What does an inflammed gut look like |
Villi have gone Crypt are a-lot bigger, more goblet cells Epithelium is disrupted Lots more inflammation Thickening on muscular layer |
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What happens when you make aninals tcr deficient |
Develop ibd |
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What happens when you have a break in epithelial barrier |
Can cause IBD |
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What are the enviromental factors that induce ibd |
Antigen, hygiene, smoking - environmental |
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Specific antigens that induce ibd |
Bacterial and viral infections |
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What Ubiquitous antigen induce ibd |
Intestinal flora, dietary antigen |
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Auto antigen induce ibd |
Cross reactivity with environental antigens |
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What are some factors that induce inflammatory bowel disease |
Primary immune defect Epithelial cell defect Genetic susceptibility Non-immune defense mechanisms |
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What happens in induction of intestinal inflammation after an inflammatory insult |
Allows bacterial LPS TO engage with macrophages and activate them and induce secreteoon of inflammatory cytokines which act on cells in the crypt and make them priliferate Cellular atrophy- can no longer absorb nutrients |
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Where does chrons disease and colotis occur |
Chrons- the entire gi tract Mediated by neutrophils and IL-7 Colotis - only the colon- th1 disease |
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What are the things that drive IBD |
Breaking ot and up regulate inflammatory environment Initiates a Th1/Th17 response IL-18 high amount of epithelial cells upregulate production of TNF AND NO in laminia propria and important in pathology |
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Role of gut flora in development of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue |
Induce disease and in development
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What can happen if you get too many anti biotics |
Causes IBD depleting microbiota making things worse and allowing more pathogenic bacteria to generate and break balance of immune tolerance |
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Do Germ free IL-2, IL-10, TCR-b KO Get ibd? |
No |
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What type of microbiome is important in what |
Intestinal inflammation |
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What are the metabolic function of microflora |
Fermentation of non-digestible dietary products and mucus Salvage of energy Production of vitamin K Absorption if ions |
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Trophic functions of microflora |
Control of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation Development if homeostasis of the immune system |
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Protective function of microflora |
Protection against pathogens (barrier effect) |
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What do probiotics do |
Compete with potentially pathogenic baterua Shift of immune response from Th1 to Th2 Increased IgA secretion- protect against other bacteria viruses and toxins Digestion of lactose |
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Name some possible immunological interventions for treatment of ibd |
Anti inflammatory cytokines Antibody against cytokines T helper cells Antigen specific- know the pathogenic antigen Adhesion molecules to stop self reactive t cells Inflammatory mediators Ot Manipulation of luminal contents- antibiotic treatment |
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How is it hard to know what the body is responding to in ibd |
Because there is millions of bacteria |
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Bane some of MALTS unique features |
γδ t cells, IgA, M cells, peyers patches MaDCAM |
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Name how oral tolerance could be induced |
Clonal deletion clonal anergy and treg |
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Intestinal inflammation results when |
Oral tolerance breaks down Disruption of epithelial integrity Mediated by Th1 cytokines |
