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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
For peraluminous rocks, which is correct? 1. Al2O3 2. Al2O3>CaO+Na2O+K2O 3. Al2O3Na2O+K2O 4. Al2O3 |
2. Al2O3>CaO+Na2O+K2O |
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Which choice is best for subalkaline basalts? 1. They can be olivine-bearing 2. They can be quartz-bearing 3. They can be olivine-bearing or quartz-bearing, depending on which side of the plane of silica saturation they plot 4. They cannot be quartz bearing |
3. They can be olivine-bearing or quartz-bearing, depending on which side of the plane of silica saturation they plot |
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Which sentence is NOT correct? 1. Sodic series is a subgroup of alkaline series 2. Tholeiitic series is a subgroup of subalkaline series 3. Potassic series is a subgroup of alkaline series 4. Calk-alkaline series is a subgroup of alkaline series |
4. Calk-alkaline series is a subgroup of alkaline series |
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Cu and Fe are respectively... 1. siderophile, chalcophile 2. chalcophile, siderophile 3. chalcophile, chalcophile 4. lithophile, chalcophile |
2. chalcophile, siderophile |
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Under normal conditions, forsterite forms earlier than fayalite because ... 1. it is denser 2. magma has more Mg 3. Mg is smaller than Fe 4. Fe is used by pyroxene and magnettite |
3. Mg is smaller than Fe |
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Distribution (Partition) Coefficient is : 1. CS/CL 2. CL/CS 3. CS/CS 4. CL/CL |
1. CS/CL |
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Which element has higher partition coefficient in olivine? 1. Ni 2. V 3. Ti 4. Na |
1. Ni |
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Which element(s) has/have higher partition coefficient in garnet? 1. Ni 2. V 3. Ti 4. Na 5. HREE 6. LREE |
5. HREE |
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Among REE's, which element has higher partition coefficient in plag? 1. Lu 2. La 3. Sm 4. Eu |
4. Eu |
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Which element is incompatible? 1. Na 2. Ca 3. Fe 4. Mg |
1. Na |
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If partition coefficient (D) for an element is 1: 1. That element will partition toward solid phase 2. That element will partition toward liquid phase 3. That element will not partition between liquid and solid phases 4. That element would partition toward solid only in the early stage of crystallization |
3. That element will not partition between liquid and solid phases |
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If partition coefficient (D) for an element is >>1: 1. That element will partition toward solid phase 2. That element will partition toward liquid phase 3. That element will not partition between liquid and solid phases 4. That element would partition toward solid only in the early stage of crystallization |
1. That element will partition toward solid phase |
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If partition coefficient (D) for an element is <<1: 1. That element will partition toward solid phase 2. That element will partition toward liquid phase 3. That element will not partition between liquid and solid phases 4. That element would partition toward solid only in the early stage of crystallization |
2. That element will partition toward liquid phase |
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By small degree of partial melting the concentration of compatible and incompatible elements in the melt would be respectively: 1. high, high if the melting materials are mafic 2. high, low 3. low, low if the melting materials are mafic 4. low, high |
4. low, high |
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Which factor affects the behaviour of Eu in the melt? 1. fO2 2. pH 3. T 4. P |
1. fO2 |
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Why in REE diagrams, are the concentrations of REE's normalized to a standard? 1. To reduce the high values of some REE's 2. To increase the proportions of some REE's 3. To eliminate Oddo-Harkins effect 4. To produce a smooth pattern |
3. To eliminate Oddo-Harkins effect |
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Negative Eu anomaly in REE diagram indicates that: 1. Magma originated from the mantle 2. Magma assimilated some crustal rocks during ascent 3. Plag fractionated from the magma 4. Eu was low in the source |
3. Plag fractionated from the magma |
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Positive Eu anomaly in REE diagram indicates that: 1. Magma originated from the crustal source 2. Magma assimilated some crustal rocks during ascent 3. Eu was high in the source 4. The was plag in the source |
4. The was plag in the source |
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The slope of LREE and HREE can be shown respectively by: 1. La/Sm, Tb/Lu 2. Tb/Lu, La/Sm 3. La/Eu, Sm/Lu 4. Sm/La, Eu/Lu |
1. La/Sm, Tb/Lu |
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Island arcs and active continental arcs are respectively the result of: 1. ocean-ocean, ocean-continent subduction 2. ocean-ocean, ocean-ocean subduction 3. ocean-continent, ocean-ocean subduction 4. ocean-ocean, continent-continent subduction |
1. ocean-ocean, ocean-continent subduction |
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Average vertical depth from the volcanic front to Beniof zone is ... 1. 200 km 2. 50 km 3. 110 km 4. 350 km |
3. 110 km |
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Part of arc between volcanic front and trench is called 1. forearc 2. back-arc 3. volcanic front 4. volcanic arc |
1. forearc |
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Which sentence is correct? 1. Volcanism is uniformly developed in island arc 2. Volcanism is continuous along island arc axis 3. Both compression and extension happen in a subduction zone 4. Thickness of the continental crust remains unchanged during subduction 5. The effects of crustal contamination is high in intra-oceanic arcs |
3. Both compression and extension happen in a subduction zone |
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Which rock type is rare in island arc setting? 1. Basaltic andesite 2. Andesite 3. Dacite 4. Rhyolite |
4. Rhyolite |
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What is the main magma series in island arcs? 1. Tholeiitic 2. Calk-Alkaline 3. Both above 4. Alkaline |
3. Both above |
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Main differences between calc-alkaline and tholeiitic series? 1. SiO2, H2O content 2. MgO and volatiles 3. Fe, Si and volatiles 4. Evolution trend |
3. Fe, Si and volatiles |
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Fractionation of which mineral should increase CaO/Al2O3 in the remaining melt? 1. Plag 2. CPX 3. OPX 3. Either plag or cpx depending on the magma series |
1. Plag |
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Volcanic rocks of the Island Arc show: 1. Calc-alkaline trend 2. Tholeiitic trend 3. Alkaline trend 4. Both calk-alkaline and tholeiitic trends
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4. Both calk-alkaline and tholeiitic trends
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Which tectonic setting is the most intense area of magmatism? 1. convergent margin 2. mid-ocean rift 3. intraplate setting 4. continental rift |
1. convergent margin |
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Which volcanic rocks do you expect to find in subduction zones? 1. basalt, andesite 2. andesite, rhyolite 3. andesite, rhyodacite, rhyolite 4. basalt, andesite, rhyolite |
4. basalt, andesite, rhyolite |
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Which feature would be common in the Plag phenos of the andesitic rocks of subduction zones? 1. corroded/embayed margins 2. corona 3. oscillatory zoning 4. all of them |
3. oscillatory zoning |
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Which sentence is correct? 1. There is no basalt associated with stratovolcanoes 2. Basalts are widespread but do not commonly erupt from stratos 3. Pyroclastic materials are less common in stratos 4. Stratos usually consist of predominantly dacitic lava |
2. Basalts are widespread but do not commonly erupt from stratos |
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Which tectonic setting is more suitable for the formation of stratovolcanoes? 1. subduction zones 2. oceanic rifts 3. continental rifts 4. hot spots |
1. subduction zones |
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By adding water, the position of the cotectic point shifts towards ... corner of the Olivine-Opx-Qtz system? 1. Qtz 2. Olivine 3. Opx
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2. Olivine |
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The main difference between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline rocks is: 1. The presence of water in calc-alkaline/absence of water in tholeiite 2. Higher SiO2 in C.a. 3. Lower K2O in T. 4. Higher incompatible elements in C.a. |
1. The presence of water in calc-alkaline/absence of water in tholeiite |
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Which ground preparation process is necessary for the formation of granitic rocks? 1. Thickening of the crust 2. Thermal disturbance 3. Mantle effects 4. All above |
4. All above |
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What is the mantle's role in the production of granitic melts? 1. supplying heat 2. supplying material 3. supplying heat and/or material
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3. supplying heat and/or material |
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Granites formed under low pressure and dry conditions are called; 1. subsolvus granites 2. hypersolvus granites 3. alkaline granites 4. calc-alkaline granites |
2. hypersolvus granites |
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Granites formed under high pressure and high water content are called: 1. subsolvus granites 2. hypersolvus granites 3. alkaline granites 4. calc-alkaline granites |
1. subsolvus granites |
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Color of Amphibole in PPL can help us determine relative content of: 1. OH 2. Ni 3. Ta 4. Ti |
4. Ti |
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In which type of granite is muscovite common? 1. alkaline 2. calc-alkaline 3. aluminous 4. peralkaline |
3. aluminous |
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In which type of granite can CPX be found? 1. peralkaline 2. calc-alkaline 3. aluminous 4. sodic |
4. sodic |
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Opx-bearing granitoid is called: 1. benmorite 2. ankaramite 3. charnockite 4. mugearite |
3. charnockite |
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In which type of granite would you find garnet, cordierite, sillimanite? 1. alkaline 2. calc-alkaline 3. aluminous 4. peralkaline |
3. aluminous |
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Which granites are the result of extensive fractionation of MORBs? 1. I-type 2. S-type 3. Hybrid 4. Plagiogranites |
4. Plagiogranites |
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What is the effect of volatiles in the position of minima (lowest T point) in the Qtz-Ab-Or system? 1. minima moves towards Ab-Or side 2. ... towards Ab-Qtz side 3. ... towards Qtz-Or side |
3. ... towards Qtz-Or side |
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What is the common chemical feature of continental rhyolites? 1. metaluminous 2. peralkaline 3. peraluminous 4. peralkaline and peraluminous |
1. metaluminous |
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Continental basalts are commonly: 1. alkaline 2. tholeiitic 3. calc-alkaline 4. mixed |
2. tholeiitic |
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Wat type of basalt is predominant in ocean basins? 1. Alkaline 2. Tholeiitic 3. Calc-alkaline 4. Alkaline and tholeiitic |
4. Alkaline and tholeiitic |
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What type of basalt is predominant in island arcs and mid-ocean ridges, respectively?
1. Alkaline, tholeiitic 2. Tholeiitic, alkaline 3. Calc-alkaline, tholeiitic 4. Alkaline, calc-alkaline |
1. Alkaline, tholeiitic
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Which mineral is not seen as phenos in tholeiitic basalt? 1. Opx 2. Cpx 3. Plag 4. Olivine |
4. Olivine |
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Which mineral is not seen as phenos in Alkaline basalts? 1. Opx 2. Cpx 3. Plag 4. Olivine |
1. Opx |
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Nodules are restricted to: 1. Alkaline basalt 2. Tholeiitic basalt 3. Calc-alkaline basalt 4. Alkaline and tholeiitic basalt |
1. Alkaline basalt |
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Which sentence is correct? 1. Alkaline basalts and basanites are primitive because they have restite-rich nodules 2. Tholeiitic basalts are primitive because they have restite-rich nodules 3. Tholeiitic basalts are primitive because they don't have restite-rich nodules 4. Calc-alkaline basalts are primitive because they have restite-rich nodules |
1. Alkaline basalts and basanites are primitive because they have restite-rich nodules |
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What is the oldest age of oceanic crust? 1. Archaen 2. Precambrian 3. Jurassic 4. Eocene |
3. Jurassic |
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Divergent plate boundaries are usually ... 1. oceanic because specific gravity of oceanic crust is low 2. oceanic because specific gravity of oceanic crust is high 3. continental because specific gravity of oceanic crust is low 4. continental because specific gravity of oceanic crust is high 5. oceanic because oceanic crust is thinner
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5. oceanic because oceanic crust is thinner |
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Which sentence is correct? 1. Fast-spreading ridges have broader range of compositions and a larger proportion of evolved liquids 2. Slow-spreading ridges have broader range of compositions 3. Composition of MORB in both fast and slow-spreading ridges are the same 4. MORB is completely uniform magmas 5. MORB is primary magma |
1. Fast-spreading ridges have broader range of compositions and a larger proportion of evolved liquids |
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What is the source of T-MORB? 1. Depleted mantle 2. Enriched mantle 3. Mixing of N-MORB and E-MORB magmas 4. Mixing of enriched mantle magma with tonalitic basalt |
3. Mixing of N-MORB and E-MORB magmas |
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Plag and garnet affect, respectively: 1. Sm, LREE 2. HREE, Eu 3. HREE, LREE 4. Eu, HREE |
4. Eu, HREE |
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The most important enigmatic magmatism is associated with: 1. subduction zones 2. oceanic rifts 3. continental rifts 4. hot spots |
4. hot spots |
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Seamounts are the result of volcanic activity in: 1. subduction zones 2. oceanic rifts 3. continental rifts 4. hot spots |
4. hot spots |
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Which sentence is NOT correct? 1. Hot spots occur only in oceanic crust 2. Volcanic hot spots create linear chains 3. The source of magma in hot spots is the mantle 4. Both alkaline and tholeiitic basalts are formed in hot spots |
1. Hot spots occur only in oceanic crust |
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In which tectonic setting is assimilation more common? 1. ocean-ocean subduction zones 2. oceanic rifts 3. continental rifts 4. hot spots |
4. hot spots |
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Composition of magma in hot spots that occur at or near mid-ocean ridges would be: 1. hybrid of N-MORB and OIB 2. OIT 3. OIA 4. hybrid of E-MORB and OIB |
1. hybrid of N-MORB and OIB |
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What is the age of the Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)? 1. Jurassic 2. Eocene 3. Cretaceous 4. Archaen |
3. Cretaceous |
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What is the principal magma series in the oceanic island setting? 1. alkaline 2. tholeiitic 3. calc-alkaline 4. both alkaline and tholeiitic |
4. both alkaline and tholeiitic |
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Which sentence is NOT correct? 1. All alkaline rocks show the same evolution trend. 2. All subalkaline rocks show the same evolution trend.
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1. All alkaline rocks show the same evolution trend. |
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The Plume Model is used to explain the formation of: 1. OIB 2. MORB 3. Calc-alkaline andesite in subduction zones 4. Alkaline and tholeiitic basalt formed in continental rifts |
1. OIB |
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What is the ultimate source of EM and HIMU? 1. Depleted mantle 2. Enriched mantle 3. Ancient oceanic crust or sediments 4. Assimilation of continental crust |
3. Ancient oceanic crust or sediments |
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In which tectonic setting do LMIs occur? 1. subduction zones 2. oceanic rifts 3. continental rifts 4. hot spots 5. any tectonic setting |
5. any tectonic setting |
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Bushveld and Skaergard are examples of ... , respectively. 1. LMI, LMI 2. LMI, continental rift intrusion 3. continental rift intrusion, LMI 4. both hot spot related intrusions |
1. LMI, LMI |