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187 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When did WW1 begin?
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1914
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Who was the British PM at the Treaty of Versailles?
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David Lloyd-George
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Who was the US President at the Treaty of Versailles?
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Woodrow Wilson
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Who was the French PM at the Treaty of Versailles?
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Georges Clemenceau
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Which area of land did France demand back at Versailles?
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Alsace-Lorraine
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What was the Treaty called between Russia and Germany signed in 1917?
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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What word did Germans use to describe the Treaty of Versailles?
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Diktat
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How many points did Wilson suggest as the basis for ending the war?
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14
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What was the agreement to cease fighting in 1914 called?
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Armistice
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What name did Hitler give to the Germans who signed the Treaty of Versailles?
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November Criminals
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Who was the leader of Hungary while Stalin was alive?
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Matyas Rakosi
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When did Khruschev become leader of the USSR?
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1953
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Who did Khruschev replace Rakosi with initially?
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Erno Gero
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When was the statue of Stalin pulled down in Budapest?
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23rd October 1956
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What did Soviet troops do when Nagy became leader of Hungary?
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Withdrew to the borders.
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What policy of Nagy's upset Khruschev the most?
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Withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact
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What did many members of the Hungarian army do during the uprising?
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Defect to the rebel side
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What did Nagy propose to do domestically in Hungary?
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Hold free elections
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Who did Nagy expect to support his plans?
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Eisenhower
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When did Soviet troops move back into Budapest?
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November 1956
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How many Hungarians were killed in the conflict with Soviet forces?
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30000
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How many Hungarians fled across the border to Austria while fighting was going on?
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200000
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What happened to Nagy?
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He was imprisoned and executed
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How long did it take the Soviet troops to bring Hungary under control?
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Two weeks
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What international event took place in the same year and distracted the west?
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Suez Crisis
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Who did Khruschev install as Nagy's replacement?
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Janos Kadar
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How many anti-communist protesters were arrested in the aftermath of the Hungarian uprising?
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35000
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How many anti-communist protesters were executed inthe aftermath of the Hungarian uprising?
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300
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In what year was the total amount of the reparations bill decided?
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Jan 1921
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How much was the reparations bill in total
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£6600 million
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How long did the League of Nations take to investigate the Japanese invasion of Manchuria?
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1 year
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What was the name of the leader of the League's Manchurian investigation?
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Lord Lytton (Lytton Commission)
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When was the Great Depression?
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1929-33
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Where did the League have a success in a dispute involving Sweden?
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Aaland islands
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Where did the League have a success in a dispute involving Poland and Germany?
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Upper Silesia
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Where did the League fail in a dispute involving Poland?
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Vilna
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What is the name given to a vote that determines which country an area should be part of?
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Plebiscite
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What was the name of the pact between Britain and France that proposed to give away Abyssinia?
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Hoare-Laval Pact
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Over which incident did Mussolini exercise pressue on the League's Conference of Ambassadors?
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Corfu
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In what year did the Anschluss take place?
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1938
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In what year did Hitler first attempt an Anschluss with Austria?
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1934
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Why did Hitler fail to achieve Anschluss with Austria in 1934?
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Mussolini moved troop to the Italian/Austrian border
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What was the name given to the extra living space Hitler wanted in the East?
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lebensraum
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What was the area of Czechoslovakia taken from Germany in 1919 called?
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Sudetenland
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How many German speakers lived in the Sudetenland?
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3500000
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What useful minerals could Hitler find in Czechoslovakia?
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Iron ore (haematite)
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Which car company also had a large arms manufacturer in Czechoslovakia?
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Skoda
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What was the name for eastern european people?
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Slavs
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At which conference did the allies agree to divide Germany?
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Yalta (the decision was confirmed at Potsdam)
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Who represented Britain at Yalta?
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Winston Churchill
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Who represented the USA at Yalta?
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Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
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Who represented Britain at Potsdam?
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Clement Attlee
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Who represented the USA at Potsdam?
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Harry S Truman
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Who represented the USSR at Yalta?
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Josef Stalin
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Who represented the USSR at Potsdam?
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Josef Stalin
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At which conference were the borders of Poland established?
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Potsdam
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At which conference was the decision taken to try Nazi war criminals?
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Potsdam
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Where did Churchill deliver his 'Iron Curtain' speech?
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Fulton
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The fall of which country to communism convinced Congress to approve Marshall Aid?
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Czechoslovakia
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What was the name given to the idea that the US would fight to protect countries from internal or external communist threats?
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Truman Doctrine
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In what year did the Berlin Blockade begin?
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1948
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What was the British name for the Berlin Airlift?
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Operation Vittels
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With what frequency did planes land in Berlin during the airlift?
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Every 90 seconds
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Who was the leader of East Germany at the time of the building of the Berlin Wall?
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Walter Ulbricht
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How many people crossed from East to West Berlin in the three years before the wall was built?
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500000
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What was the name of the place where Soviet and US tanks faced off after the building of the wall?
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Checkpoint Charlie
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What phrase did Kennedy use in a speech in Berlin to show his solidarity with the people of Berlin?
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Ich bin Ein Berliner
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How did Kennedy describe the wall?
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A wall is better than a war
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Who was leader of the USSR at the time of the Prague Spring?
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Leonid Brezhnev
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Who was the leader of Germany during the First World War?
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Kaiser Wilhelm II
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What disease swept through Europe after WW1 killing more people than the war?
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Spanish Flu
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How many widows were left in Germany after WW1?
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600000
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How many children were left without father's in Germany after WW1?
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2 million
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How much of the Weimar government's budget was spent on war pensions in 1925?
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One third
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When did the Kaiser abdicate?
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9th November 1918
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Who became the leader of Germany after the Kaiser abdicated?
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Friedrich Ebert
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What system was used to elect members of the Weimar parliament?
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Proportional Representation
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What was the voting age in Weimar Germany?
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All adults over 20
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Which article of the Constitution gave the President emergency powers?
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Article 48
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Which article of the Treaty of Versailles made Germany take the blame for starting WW1?
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Article 231
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Why was Weimar chosen as the location of the new German government?
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Berlin was felt to be too volatile
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Which was the most famous communist group in post war Germany?
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The Spartacists
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Who were the leaders of the Spartacists?
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Karl Liebnecht and Rosa Luxemburg
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What was the name of the right-wing group of ex-soldiers who the government used to suppress communist uprisings?
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Freikorps
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In which state was their a communist take-over in 1918-1919?
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Bavaria
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How many communists were killed by the Freikorps in the suppression of the Bavarian revolt?
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600
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How much if its land did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
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10%
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How many of Germany's overseas colonies did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
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All of them
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How much of the German population was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?
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12.5%
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How much of German's coal reserves were lost in the Treaty of Versailles?
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16%
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How much of Germany's iron industry was lost in the Treaty of Versailles?
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48%
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What was the name given to the Treaty if Versailles by its opponents?
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The stab in the back
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Who led the 1920 right-wing rebellion against the Weimar government?
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Wolfgang Kapp
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How many Freikorps were involved in the Kapp Putsch attempt?
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5000
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Why was the Kapp Putsch defeated?
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Workers in Berlin cllaed a General Strike (Passive Resistance)
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Where did Hitler attempt to lead a Putsch?
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Munich (Bavaria)
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Who was Ebert's Foreign Minister who was assassinated by extremists in1922?
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Walter Rathenau
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When was the total of the Reparations bill finally announced?
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April1921
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How much were the annual installments Germany had to pay in reparations?
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£50 million per year
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What percentage of Germany's annual economic output was the reparations bill?
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2%
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In what year did the Germans first fail to pay their reparations bill?
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1922
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Which countries invaded the Ruhr in 1923 to claim their reparations in goods?
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France and Belgium
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In what year did the Ruhr invasion occur?
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1923
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How did the German government respond to the invasion of the Ruhr?
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Passive resistance
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How many German workers were killed in the Ruhr by the French?
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100+
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How did the German government respond to the decline in economic output caused by the passive resistance in the Ruhr?
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It printed money.
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How much did a loaf of bread cost in Berlin by November 1923?
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201
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What name is given to when a currency loses its value quickly?
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Hyperinflation
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Who became leader of Germany in August 1923?
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Gustav Stresemann
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What was the name of the currency introduced by Stresemann to replace the worthless marks?
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Rentenmark
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In what year was the Dawes Plan introduced?
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1924
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When did Germany join the League of Nations?
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September 1926
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When did Germany leave the League of Nations?
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October 1933?
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Who was the most famous director during the Weimar period?
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Fritz Lang (Metropolis)
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Who was the most famous actress during the Weimar period?
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Marlene Dietrich
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What was the name of the architectural style that developed in the Weimar period?
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Bauhaus
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What percentage of the vote did the Nazis win in the 1928 election?
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3%
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When was the Locarno Treaty signed?
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1925
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What financial plan was signed in 1929?
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Young Plan
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What financial plan was signed in 1924?
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Dawes Plan
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What did the Locarno Treaty guarantee?
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Germany would respect the Treaty of Versailles borders with France
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What territory was returned to France by the Treaty of Versailles?
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Alsace-Lorraine
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How far is Cuba from Florida?
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160km
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What is the US Naval Base in Cuba called?
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Guantanamo
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What was Cuba's main export in the 1960s?
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Sugar
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Who was the US supported dictator of Cuba before 1959?
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Batista
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Who overthrew Batista in 1959?
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Fidel Castro
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Which famous revolutionary supported Castro in his fight against Batista?
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Che Guevara
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When did Castro begin to receive arms and supplies from the USSR?
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Summer 1960
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Who was the leader of the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Khrushchev
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When had Kennedy become President of the USA?
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January 1961
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Which organisation persuaded Kennedy to launch the Bay of Pigs operation?
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CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)
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Who did the CIA use to launch the Bay of Pigs operation?
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Cuban exiles who hated Castro
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When did the USA break off relations with Cuba?
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January 1961
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What did Castro think would happen next when the USA broke off relations?
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There would be an invasion
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Where did the 1961 invasion of Cuba land?
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The Bay of Pigs
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When was the Bay of Pigs invasion?
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April 1961
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When did the USSR announce officially that it was supplying arms to Cuba?
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May 1962
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How many Soviet technicians were in Cuba to support the weapons programme?
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5000
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When did Kennedy warn the USSR about the consequence of supplying nuclear missiles to Cuba?
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Sept 1962
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When did the U2 spy plane reveal details of the nuclear sites in Cuba?
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October 1962
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Which cities were brought in range of Soviet nuclear missiles by the Cuban base?
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Washington
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How long would the US have to react to nuclear missiles launched from Cuba?
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10 minutes
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How many Soviet ships were sailing towards Cuba at the time the missile bases were identified?
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20
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What was the name of the group of Special Advisers that Kennedy used in the crisis?
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ExComm
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What tactic did Kennedy employ to stop the Soviet ships reaching Cuba?
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A blockade
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What name did Kennedy give to the blockade of Cuba to avoid it being an act of war?
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Quarantine
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What was the effect of the blockade?
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The Soviet ships turned round on October 24th 1962
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Why didn't the success of the blockade end the Cuban Missile Crisis?
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Work continued on the Soviet bases in Cuba
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What deal did Khrushchev offer Kennedy in his first letter?
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Assurances that Cuba was safe from invasion and the blockade was lifted could lead to negotiations
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Where did the US have nuclear missiles that threatened the USSR?
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Turkey and Italy
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What was the Soviet justification for sending nuclear missiles to Cuba
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They were defensive
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What underlying reasons did the Soviet Union have for sending nuclear missiles to Cuba?
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To test Kennedy
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What did Khruschev's second letter demand?
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The withdrawal of US missiles from Turkey
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Which event nearly triggered an attack on Cuba on 27th October 1962?
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A U2 spy plane was shot down
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How did Kennedy resolve the crisis?
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He accepted the terms of the first letter
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Why did Khrushchev think Kennedy was weak?
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Failure of Bay of Pigs incident
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When did Khrushchev first meet Kennedy?
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At a summit meeting in Vienna
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What was the period following the Cuban Missile Crisis known as?
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Detente or 'The Thaw'
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What was installed in the Whitehouse and the Kremlin as a result of the crisis?
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A telephone hotline so the two leaders could contact each other easily
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What happened to the US missiles in Turkey?
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They were withdrawn in secret by April 1963 as submarine launched missile could now replace them
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How was the UN involved in the crisis?
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UN Weapons Inspectors supervised the removal of the weapons and deconstruction of the bases in Cuba
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When did the crisis in the Congo begin?
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1960
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Which country had owned Congo as a colony until 1960?
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Belgium
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How long did Belgium give Congo to prepare for independence?
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5 months
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Who was the first Prime Minister of Congo?
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Patrice Lumumba
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Who was the first President of Congo?
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Joseph Kasavubu
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How many Belgians were still living in the Congo when independence came?
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100000
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What was the capital of Congo?
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Brazzaville
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Why did the Belgian government send troops back to the Congo?
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The army mutinied and began attacking whites
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Why was the arrival of Belgian troops back in the Congo a problem?
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It was illegal under international law as Congo was now an independent country
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Which mineral rich area of Congo declared its independence after Congo became independent?
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Katanga
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Why was Katanga an important area?
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It produced 60% of the world's uranium and 80% of the world's industrial diamonds
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Who was the leader of the independent state of Katanga?
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Moise Tshombe
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Who backed Tshombe's declaration of independence?
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European
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How did Lumumba deal with Tshombe's declaration of independence?
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He appealed to the UN for help
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How did the UN respond to Lumumba's request for help?
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The Security Council approved a force of 10
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What were the four tasks of the UN forces in Congo?
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Restore law and order and maintain it. Stop other nations from getting involved with the crisis. Assist in building the nation’s economy. Restore political stability.
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What conditions about the use of force were imposed on the UN forces in the Congo?
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Force could only be used in self-defence
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Where did Tshombe site his new capital city of Katanga?
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Elizabethville
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Who was the Secretary General of the UN at the start of the Congo crisis?
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Dag Hammerskjöld
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Why did Lumumba criticise the UN's involvement in the Congo crisis?
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The UN's unwillingness to crush Tshombe was seen by Lumumba as the UN siding with the rich European countries who were supporting Tshombe
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Who did Lumumba turn to for help when he became disillusioned with the UN?
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The USSR
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How did Khrushchev aid Lumumba during the Congo crisis?
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He provided military equipment for an attack on Katanga
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Why was Lumumba dismissed as Prime Minister of Congo by Kasavubu?
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The attack on Katanga failed
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Who replaced Lumumba as Prime Minister of Congo?
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The Head of the Army
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How did Lumumba respond to being removed as Prime Minister of Congo?
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He established a new rival government in Stanleyville in the eastern part of Congo.
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