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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Photosynthesis (core)
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Photosynthesis is the fundamental process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.
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What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
(What does it do?) (extended) |
Chlorophyll traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy for the formation of carbohydrates and their subsequent storage.
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What is the word equation for the production of simple sugars and oxygen (photosynthesis)? (core)
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Carbon dioxide and water-->(with sunlight and chlorophyll) glucose and oxygen
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State the balanced equation for photosynthesis in symbols.
(extended) |
6CO(2) + 6H(2)O
light ---> chlorophyll C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) |
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What is the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis?
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A higher intensity of light increases the rate of photosynthesis and a lower intensity decreases the rate of it.
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Why is carbon dioxide so important to photosynthesis?
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Without the sufficient amount of carbon dioxide in the air, photosynthesis can not take place.
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How does a plant take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis? (core)
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The carbon dioxide is taken in through diffusion through the stomata (the opening for gas exchange in the lower epidermis of the leaf).
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How is water taken into a plant?
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The water is rolled off the waxy cuticle of the leaves onto the ground. It then is absorbed through the soil and in through the roots of the plants by osmosis. The root hair cells of the roots increase the surface area, so that more water can be absorbed. Then, transpiration lets the water be transported through the plant.
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Where is the waxy cuticle on a dicotyledonous leaf cross-section,and what is it's function?
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The main function of the waxy cuticle is to prevent water loss, however it is still transparent to let in light. It is at the very top of the leaf above the upper epidermis and on the surface.
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Where is it and what is the function of the upper epidermis?
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The upper epidermis is right below the top surface of the leaf (the waxy cuticle). It's main function is to prevent disease-causing organisms in (e.g: bacteria, fungi). It also is designed to let light through to the palisade mesophyll.
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Where is the palisade mesophyll and what is it's function?
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The palisade mesophyll is above the spongy mesophyll layer and below the upper epidermis. The function is to allow the absorption of light energy for the process of photosynthesis. They contain the most chloroplasts and it is the best place for photosynthesis to work because of the even amount of reactants in the site and the large amount of chlorophyll.
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What is the vein and what is it's function?
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The vein is round, in the center of the leaf and contains the xylem and phloem (vascular bundles) which transport substances through the plant. The xylem delivers water and material ions to the leaf while the phloem transports the products of photosynthesis, such as glucose, away from the leaf. Another purpose is to give the plant support (and more stability)
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Where is and what is the function of the spongy mesophyll?
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The spongy mesophyll is below the palisade mesophyll and above the lower epidermis. The cells are much more spread out than those in the upper, lower epidermis and the palisade mesophyll. This is so that gases (and therefore water too) can diffuse easily through the leaf to the palisade cells. A main purpose is gas exchange.
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Where are the stomata and what do they do?
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The stomata are in the very lower surface of the leaf (the lower epidermis). They are pours that allow the exchange of gases (the release of oxygen and intake of carbon dioxide). The stomata open through the how turgid the guard cells in the stomata are. (p.64)
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What is the importance of nitrate ions in plants?
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Nitrate ions in plants are needed for the build up of protein. Without nitrate ions, a plant would not be able to produce protein.
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What is the importance of magnesium ions in plants?
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Magnesium ions are needed to produce chlorophyll. Chlorophyll plays a very large role in the process of photosynthesis by transferring light energy to chemical energy. Without magnesium ions, chlorophyll couldn't be produced slowing and dramatically hurting the process of photosynthesis.
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What is the effect of a lack of nitrate ions in plants? (extended)
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The plant stem becomes very weak and the leaves begin to yellow and die.
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What is the effect of a lack of magnesium ions in a plants? (extended)
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It causes chlorosis. A disease in which the leaves of the plant turn yellow from bottom to top.
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What is the effect of the overuse of nitrogen-containing fertilizers?
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Using too much fertilizer can cause eutrophication in which the fertilizer runs into streams and such. This causes algae to form, and be destroyed by bacteria which would use the oxygen in the water. The lack of oxygen in the water is dangerous for fish and animals, too. (more on pages 254 and 73 in book)
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