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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the Instrument Currency Requirements
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Within preceding 6 months at least 6 instrument approaches, 1 hold, Intercepting and Tracking
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What happens if a pilot allows his instrument currency to expire
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After 6 months beyond the exp. of IFR currency the PIC may not operate in IFR as PIC without: Proficiency check or with a safety pilot in simulated conditions
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Who can be a safety pilot
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Any appropriately rated pilot with at least private pilot in same category and class
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What is legally considered instrument flight time
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Flight solely by reference to the instrument
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When do you have to file an alternate
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1- 1 hr before and 1 hr after ETA at destination airport the weather reports of forecast indicate:
2- 2000 feet ceiling 3- 3 SM visibility |
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What are the standard alternate minimums
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* 600 ft. and 2 mi -- Precision
* 800 ft. and 2 mi -- Non-precision |
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How can I tell if an airport has non-standard alternate minimums
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Approach plate has dark triangle with the letter A
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What are the fuel requirements for IFR
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* Complete flight to airport of intended destination
* Fly from that airport to Alternate (if necessary) * Fly an additional 45 minutes at normal cruise |
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How can you tell if an airport has non-standard take-off minimums
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Approach plate has a dark triangle with the letter T
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What documents do you have to have on board for it to be airworthy
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A-Aircraft Airworthiness Cert
R-Registration R-Radio Station License O-Owners Manual POH W-Weight and Balance |
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How often must a VOR be checked for accuracy for IFR flight
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Within the preceding 30 days
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What are the legal methods of checking VOR receiver accuracy and tolerances
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* VOT- +/- 4 deg
* Designated ground Check +/- 4 deg * Designated Airborne Checkpt +/- 6 deg * Cross reference a prominent ground point with a VOR radial +/- 6 deg * Dual VOR +/- 4 deg |
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Which inspections and mtnc are required for IFR flight
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A nnual inspection
V OR every 30 days 1 00 hour inspection A ltimeter, alt. reporting and static every 24 months T ransponder every 24 months E LT every 12 months |
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Where can you find the radio frequency for a VOT check
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Airport Facility's Directory (AFD)
And A/G Voice Comm on the Low Enroute Chart |
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How frequently should you check your altimeter setting
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Set to a station with 100 NM of your location
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When can you cancel IFR
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* Flying when VFR conditions exist
* On the ground |
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Define the following
MDA, DH, HAA, HAT, TCH, NoPT, TDZE |
MDA- Min. Descend Alt.
DH- Decision Height HAA- Ht. Abv.Airport- Used with a circling to land HAT- Ht. abv TDZ TCH- Threshld X'ing Ht NoPT- No Proc. Turn TDZE- Touchdown Zone Ele. |
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What is the primary difference between a Precision and Non-Precision Approach
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Precision provides Vertical Guidance and Glideslope
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What is meant by cleared for the option on an approach clearance
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* S&G, T&G, FS, Low approach are all authorized
* Published missed approach procedures are not to be carried out. Climb out instructions should be followed |
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When can you descend below MDA or DA
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When the runway enviornment is identified, the A/C is in a position to make a normal landing and visibility req. are met.
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What is Runway enviornment
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* Rwy, Rwy markings, Rwy lights
* Threshold, threshold mkg's, threshold lights * TDZ, TDZ mkg's, TDZ lights * VASI, REIL * If red approach end or siderow terminating bars are seen, then descent to 100 ft AGL above TDZE |
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What are the components of the ILS system
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* Localizer
* Glideslope, * Marker Beacon * Approach Light System |
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What is a compass locator
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NDB is co-located with the outer marker
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What does the term VOR-A and VOR-B mean on the approach plate margin
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Approaches are not aligned within 30 deg. of the Rwy. They are circling approaches
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Explain a Stepdown Fix
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Fix at which a descent to another altitude is allowed. Only one stepdown fix after the FAF is allowed. It must be ID'd by DME
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Does an aircraft on an instrument flight plan making an instrument approach in VFR conditions have the ROW or priority over VFR traffic?
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no
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When reporting missed approach what procedure do you follow and what info do you give
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Establish aircraft in climb and set up for the missed approach course. Inform ATC
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When will radar be used to assist an instrument approach
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When radar is required on the approach plate and to expedite traffic
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Where is the missed approach executed when the navaid (VOR, NDB) is on the field? How do you time the approach?
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* At station passage
* No time is required since you wouldn't be shooting the approach if the navaid was out! |
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What is the maximum recommended allowable altimeter error for IFR?
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+/- 75 ft from field elevation
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What is the maximum recommended allowable precision error DG for IFR flight?
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3 degree's in 15 minutes
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What are the allowable error's for the attitude indicator, and how much time is allowed for the gyro to stabilize?
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5 degrees in turn while taxiing and stabilized within 5 minutes
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Does it matter where a VOT check is performed? Can it be done in the air?
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VOT check can be performed only as published in the A/FD whether as a ground or airborne checkpoint
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When the approach controller says, "Turn left heading 230, expect ILS 5 approach," and two-way communication fails, what is your next action?
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Proceed direct to the IAF and complete the full approach if IMC
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What is the procedure for timing the outbound leg of a holding pattern when holding at a VOR NDB or and Intersection?
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VOR- Flag change from To-From
NDB- Needle is perpendicular to the inbound holding course |
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Explain procedure for entering a holding pattern:
* Parallel * Tear Drop * Direct |
***Draw on paper as an example ***
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What is the maximum altitude you can fly in reference to the instrument low altitude enroute charts?
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Charts are good up to 17,999 ft
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What are the 3 AGL altitudes on the approach plates
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HAT, HAA, TCH
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Explain the sensing on an ILS front and back course and inbound/outbound
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HSI- No difference if set to the Front course
OBS- Front Inbound- Direct Front Outbound- Reverse Back Inbound- Reverse Back Outbound- Direct |
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How would you correct for fly up or fly down error while on an ILS
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* Fly towards the needle compensate for WCA
* Pitch- For glidepath * Power- For Airspeed |
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What is the FAF on a precision approach
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Glideslope intercept
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Define:
MEA |
Min. Enroute Alt.- Guarantees adequate obstruction clearance. Navigational signal reception guaranteed but NOT COMMUNICATION
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Define:
MOCA |
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude:
Provides same as MEA, Navigational signal coverage is guaranteed onlyh within 22 NM from facility. |
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Define:
MAA |
Maximum Authorized Altitude:
Highest Altitude to avoid signal interference |
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Define:
MRA |
Minimum Reception Altitude:
Lowest altitude that guarantees reception of signal defining intersections or fixes |
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Define:
MCA |
Minimum Crossing Altitude:
When MEA changes and the new altitude is required at the change, MCA is shown. |
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Explain "Straight-in" versus "Circling to Land" minimums?
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Straight-in minimums require the runway to be aligned within 30 deg, otherwise circling minimums will be shown
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When performing a VOR Check what information should be logged
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1. Date of check
2. Place 3. Method used 4. Bearing Error |
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What do you need to fly IFR
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Everything VFR (TOMATOFLAMES) +
GRABCARD G-enerator R-adio A-ltimeter (Sensitive) B-all (inclinometer) C-lock A-ttitude Indicator R-ate of Turn D-irectional Gyro |
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What's the radius on a "Circling to Land" approach for Category A
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1.3 NM
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What is a side step maneuver?
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Landing on a parallel Rwy after using an approach for a different Rwy.
Begin Sidestep ASAP after Rwy Environment est. Rwy must be within 1200 ft of parallel. Landing min's will be higher but typically less than Circling to Land min's |
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You are on a "Circling to Land" approach and suddenly lose sight of the Rwy. How do you execute a missed approach?
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Climb towards the airport and then continue with the missed approach procedure.
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What can you use as substitutions for inoperable components on an ILS approach?
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Middle Marker - PAR (Precision Approach Radar) or Compass Locator
Outer Marker- PAR, ASR (A Surveillance Approach), NDB, VOR, DME |
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What are the colors of the Marker Beacons?
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OM = Blue
MM = Amber IM = White BC = White |
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What are the standard IFR clearance items?
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C-learance Limit (Dest or fix)
R-oute A-ltitude F-requency T-ransponder code |
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Explain VFR on-top clearance
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Fly at appropriate VFR altitude, comply with VFR visibility and cloud separation.
Comply with all other IFR reg's. |
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What is TDZL
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Touchdown Zone Lights
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What is RCLS
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Runway Centerline Lighting System
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What requires notification to the NTSB
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1. Flight control system malfunction
2. Injury or sickness of flight crew member 3. Failure of structural components of engine 4. In flight fire 5. Collision in flight 6. $25,000 damage to property or other aircraft 7. Aircraft overdue and believed to have been involved in an accident |
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What follow up reports are required by the NTSB
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Accident- within 10 days
Incident- If required Missing A/C- Within 7 days |
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What colors are the runway edges on an instrument Rwy
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HIRL- High Intensity RW Lgts
MIRL- Med. Intensity RW Lgts LIRL- Low Intensity RW Lghts |
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How is an aircraft approach category determined
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1.3 times (Vso) the stall speed in the landing configuration at max gross weight
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SHARP T
When is a Procedure Turn not authorized |
S-traight in approach
H-olding pattern A-rc R-adar vectored P-rocedure turn not authorized T-imed approaches |
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What procedure do you follow when you have diverted from your dest and your alt has gone below alt min's
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1. Continue unless min's have gone below applicable min's for the approach
2. Request a different if possible |
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How wide is a Victor Airway
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4-NM each side of center line up to 51 NM from the VOR
Airways increase in width when more than 51 NM from VOR at an angle of 4.5 deg from C/L |
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What is a "Cruise Clearance"?
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1. Allows pilot to select any alt between minimum IFR altitude (MEA) and assigned altitude
2. After reporting leaving an alt. you can't go back to that alt. 3. Any approach may be used to land at the destination |
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What are conditions for a "Visual Approach"?
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Visual
1. A controller can issue a V/A clearance 2. Main purpose is to ease controller workload and expedite traffic 3. Must have Airport or preceding a/c in site 4. Weather must be at least 1000 ft and 3 miles and must remain Clear of Clouds |
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What are the conditions for a "Contact Approach"?
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1. Can only be requested by the pilot
2. Authorized by the controller 3. Rwy must have an approved approach procedure 4. Ground visibility must be at least 1 mile and must remain Clear of Clouds |
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What is minimum safe altitude for for IFR conditions?
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Altitude depicted on approach plates which provide 1000 feet of obstacle for emergency use. Usually a 25 mile radius. Navigational signal coverage is not guaranteed
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When are you supposed to have a Mode C Transponder?
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1. All A/C in Class- A, B, C
2. Within 30 NM of Mode C ring around class B 3. All airspace above 10,000 MSL 4. Excluding the airspace at and below 2,500 ft above surface 5. Should be on at all times in controlled airspace A,B,C,D,E |
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IPTA PTP
What is the sequence of information given when making a routine report IFR in a non-radar enviornment |
I-dentification
P-osition T-ime A-ltitude P-osition (over next rep.pt.) T-ime P-ostion (over following rep.pt) |
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How often are Enroute Charts and Approach Plates revised?
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Every 56 days
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What is the lost communication transponder code?
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Squack 7600
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Explain in detail the lost communication procedure with regard to altitude?
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Alt: Hierarchy
1. Last Assigned 2. EFC 3. Filed 4. MEA |
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ACMEWASH
Which Reports do you have to make to ATC without a request when IN RADAR CONTACT? |
All Times:
A-ltitude leaving assign. alt. C-limb or descend 500fpm, when unable M-issed approach E-quip/navigation or comm loss W-eather, not forcasted or haz. A-irspeed 5% or 10knot difference from filed amount S-afety of flight H-olding upon reaching or leaving an assigned hold fix- report time and altitude |
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COFFE
Which reports do you have to make to ATC without a request when NOT IN RADAR CONTACT? |
C-ompulsory reporting pt.
O-uter marker Prec.Appch F-AF inbound, Non prec appch F-light plan points that define the route if flight is direct off airway E-rror in excess of 3 minutes as to estimate given to ATC |
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When may you operate under IFR in controlled airspace?
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1. Filed an IFR flight plan
2. Received an appropriate ATC clearance |
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If you lose communiations while flying IFR in a VFR enviornment what should you do?
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Continue the flight under VFR and land as soon as practicable
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What reporting requirements are necessary when under IFR in controlled airspace and you experience a loss of communications, approach or navigational equipment?
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1. A/C identification
2. Equipment affected 3. Degree to which the capability to operate under IFR in the ATC system' 4. Nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC |
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What is RVR
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Runway Visual Range
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Runway Edge Lights are?
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White...Except
for instrument runways and the last 2000 feet or 1/2 the runway are yellow. Whichever is less to form a coution zone |
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IAF
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Initial Approach Fix
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Cirrus SR22 V-Speeds
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Vr- Rotate- 70 KIAS
Vx- Best Angle- 80 KIAS Vy- Best Rate- 100 KIAS Vso- Stall Dirty- 59 KIAS Vs- Stall Clean- 70 KIAS Va- Maneuv. Spd- 133 KIAS Vno- Max Cruise- 178 KIAS Vne- Never Exceed- 201 KIAS Vfe- 50% Flaps- 119 KIAS Vfe- 100% Flaps- 104 KIAS Vpd- Chute Dploy- 133 KIAS Vglide- Best Glide- 88 KIAS |
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Explain in detail the lost communication procedure with regard to Route?
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Route:
1. Last Assigned 2. Radar Vectored 3. Expected 4. Filed |
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What are Preferred Routes and where can they be found?
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Established routes between busier airports to increase efficiency and capacity. Can be found in the A/FD
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What are NOTAM's
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Notice to Airmen
Used to disseminate time critical essential aeronautical information to pilots. |
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What are 3 types of NOTAM's
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D-istant
L-ocal FDC- (Flight Data Center) |
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Where can NOTAM's be obtained?
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Nearest FSS
DUATS NTAP (Notice To Airman Pub.) |
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Which type of NOTAM will be omitted from a pilot briefing?
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NOTAM D
NOTAM L (Distributed Locally) |
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Name 4 types of Structural Ice
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1. Clear
2. Rime 3. Mixed 4. Frost |
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What is HIWAS
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Hazardous In-Flight Weather Advisory Service
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What are 3 types of NOTAM's
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D-istant
L-ocal FDC- (Flight Data Center) |
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IFR=
MVFR= VFR= |
IFR- Ceilings< 1000 ft. and 3mi vis
MVFR- Ceiling 1000-3000 ft and or/3-5 mi vis VFR- No ceiling or ceiling greater than 3000 ft and 5 mi vis |
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What is a Radar Summary Chart?
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Computer generated collection of automated radar weather reports.
Displays: Precip Type Intensity Configuration Coverage Echo Top and cell movement Valid 35min past the hour Use with other charts for best picture. |
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What are two types of DP's
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ODP- Obstacle Departure Proc
SID's- Standard Instrument Departure |
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What do the following stand for
ALS VASI PAPI REIL |
Approach Lighting System
Visual Approach Slope Indicator Precision Approach Path Indicator Runway End Identifier Lights |
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What is a STAR
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Standard Terminal Arrival Route
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What is RAIM?
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Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring
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AIRMET
Sierra Tango Zulu |
Significant Weather Phenom.
Intensity less than SIGMET good for 6 hrs. SIERRA-IFR and/or Mount obscurations TANGO- mod. turbulance, wind 30 kts+ ZULU- mod. icing |
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SIGMET
November-Yankee (excl. S,T,Z) |
SIGMET- advises of nonconvective weather that is potentially hazardous to a/c.
Designated alphanumeric November-Yankee, valid for 4 hours. Severe Icing Severe turbulence Dust Storms/Sand Storms Volcanic Ash |
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CONVECTIVE SIGMET
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Issued in lower 48 for;
A. sever T/S w/winds > 50kts and/or hail at surface >/= 3/4", or tornados. B.Embedded T/S C. A line of T/S D.T/S's prod. precip >/= heavy precip. affecting 40% or more of an area of at least 3000 sq/mi. |
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Do you need a VSI to be legal to fly IFR
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No
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What altitude do Victor Airways start?
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1200 ft AGL in Class E airspace
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FDC NOTAMS
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Disseminate information
Regulatory in nature Such as: TFR's Amendments to Charts and IAP |
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LPV =
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Localizer type Performance With Vertical Nav
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FA =
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Area Forecast
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RNAV =
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Area Navigation
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