Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Subdivision Euteleostei
Super Orders? |
Protacanthopterygii
Acanthopterygii |
|
Super Order Protacanthopterygii
Orders? |
Argentiniformes
Salmoniformes |
|
Order Argentiniformes characteristics
|
Largest group
All deep sea fishes Most have photophores |
|
Examples of Argentiniformes
|
Barreleye fish
-Midwater dweller -Transparent cranial region with tubular eyes |
|
Order Salmoniformes characteristics
|
4 families
Mostly anadromous Majority of adults return to exact same spot of hatching to spawn |
|
Order Salmoniformes
Suborders? |
Salmonidei
Osmeroidei |
|
Suborder Salmonidei
Family Salmonidae Characteristics |
Salmon and Trout
Adipose fin Lack spiny fin rays Pelvic axillary process (attachment at base of fin) Free gill membrane Gape includes maxilla Physostomous |
|
Suborder Salmonidei
Family Salmonidae Examples |
Salvelinus - Char/Trout
Salmo salar - Atlantic Salmon Oncorhynchus - Rainbow Trout |
|
Suborder Osmeroidei
Characteristics |
Smelts
Diadromous Small, silvery, elongate Single, soft ray dorsal fin Adipose fin Dentition on maxilla Maxilla included in gape Some are semelparious - single spawning |
|
Subdivision Euteleostei
Neognathi characteristics |
17,000 spp.
Not a taxonomic group |
|
Subdivision Euteleostei
Neognathi Order Escociformes |
Pikes
Temperate freshwater Unusual tooth attachment Acellular bone Maxilla included in gape but lacks dentition Posteriorly located pelvic fins |
|
Subdivision Euteleostei
Neognathi Neoteleostei |
Monophyletic group
Unique skull articulation Presence of Retractor Dorsalis for lifting pharyngeal jaws Acellular bone Anterior pelvis fins Retractable teeth |
|
Neoteleostei
Superorder? |
Stomiiformes
Ateleopodomorpha Cyclosquamata Scopelomorpha |
|
Neoteleostei
Superorder Stomiiformes |
Bristlemouth, Hatchetfish, Dragonfish
Deep sea fishes Long teeth, large mouth Unique jaw attachment Photophores Ventral adipose fin |
|
Neoteleostei
Superorder Ateleopodomorpha |
Jellynose Fishes
Bulbous, flacid head Deep sea dweller Cartilaginous skeleton |
|
Neoteleostei
Superorder Cyclosquamata Order Aulopiformes |
Cycloid scales
Mostly deep sea Parthenogenic |
|
Order Aulopiformes examples
|
Black edge green eye
Tripod fish Lizard fish Lancet fish |
|
Neoteleostei
Superorder Scopelomorpha Order Myctophiformes |
Black chin, Lantern fish
Loss of pharyngeal teeth Adipose fin Maxilla excluded from gape Bioluminescent |
|
Neognathi
Neoteleostei Acanthomorpha characteristics |
True fin spines
Stiffening of body for modified swimming Diverse pharyngeal teeth Lack dentition on maxilla |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorders? |
Lampriomorpha
Polymixiomorpha Paracanthopterygii Acanthopterygii |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Lampriomorpha Order Lampriformes |
Pelagic (open water)
Lack spines Maxilla contributes to gape |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Lampriomorpha Order Lampriformes examples |
Opah
Two Eye/Thread tail - expand mouth up to 40x Oar Fish - Sea serpent legends |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Polymixiomorpha Order Polymixiformes |
Beard Fishes
On of the smallest groups Midwater True spines Anterior pelvis fin |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthopterygii Orders? |
Percopsiformes
Gadiformes Ophidiiformes Batrachoidiformes Lophiiformes |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthopterygii Characteristics |
May not be monophyletic
Distinct pattern of holes in skull Mostly marine Nocturnal or dark environments Sonic muscles for sound production |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthopterygii Order Percopsiformes |
Perches
Mostly freshwater Adipose fin Reduced spines Increase in number of vertebrae Pelvic fin posterior |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthopterygii Order Gadiformes |
Cods, Grenadires
Marine Lack true spines 2-3 dorsal fins Many have chin barbels Gadus morhua - Atlantic Cod |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthoptrygii Order Ophidiiformes |
Cusk eels, Pearl fishes
Pelvic fins lost or extremely anterior Pectoral fins lost or dorsal Family Carapidae - lives in anus of invertebrates |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthopterygii Order Batrachoidiformes |
Toadfish, Midshipman
Benthic, Photic zone Flathead 3 pairs of gill arches Bioluminescent Capable of vocalization |
|
Acanthomorpha
Superorder Paracanthopterygii Order Lophiiformes |
Goosefish, Frogfish, Batfish, Anglerfish
All marine Mostly deep sea |
|
Order Lophiiformes
Suborder Ceratiodei |
160 species of Anglerfish
Highly diversified Modified dorsal fin for bioluminescent lure Bathypelagic Tiny, parasitic male |
|
Subdivision Euteleostei
Superorder Acanthopterygii Evolutionary Innovations |
Upper jaw mobility and protrusibility due to ascending process
Pharyngeal jaw dentition |
|
Subdivision Euteleostei
Superorder Acanthopterygii General Characteristics |
Ctenoid scales
Physoclistus gas bladder Maxilla excluded from gape Two dorsal fins Pelvic and anal fin with spines Symmetrical caudal fin (homocercal) |
|
Subdivision Euteleostei
Superorder Acanthopterygii Three divisions? |
Mugilomorpha
Atherinomorpha Percomorpha |
|
Superorder Acanthopterygii
Series Mugilomorpha Order Mugiliformes Family Mugilidae |
Mullets, Grey Mullets
Low diversity Near shore, catadromous Cycloid scales Pelvic and Pectoral girdles not attached Detritivores Increased jumping frequency with decreased O2 levels |
|
Superorder Acanthopterygii
Series Atherinomorpha Orders? |
Atheriniformes
Beloniformes Cyprinodontiformes |
|
Superorder Acanthopterygii
Series Atherinomorpha General Characteristics |
Most successful surface dwellers
Unique jaw protrusion - Premaxilla linked to rostrum Internal fertilization, live young Contain parthenogenic species |
|
Series Acanthopterygii
Order Atherinoformes |
Silversides
Freshwater and Marine Undergo schooling, shallow water Some species have environmental sex determination Some species exhibit sexual dimorphism Females lack a pelvic girdle, males can develop claspers |
|
Series Acanthopterygii
Order Atherinoformes Examples |
California Grunt
Atlantic Silverside Eastern Rainbowfish |
|
Series Acanthopterygii
Order Beloniformes |
Flying fish, Halfbeaks, Needlefish
Heterochrony - Variable rate of development between upper and lower jaws |
|
Series Acanthopterygii
Order Beloniformes Examples |
Oryzias latipes - Japanese rice fish
-Model biological organism Atlantic needlefish Two wing flying fish -Capable of gliding Halfbeak |
|
Series Atheninomorpha
Order Cyprinodontiformes |
Top Minnows, Killifish
Freshwater, tolerant of high salinity Insectivore Live birth givers, viviparous or ovoviviparous |
|
Series Atheninomorpha
Order Cyprinodontiformes Examples |
Mangrove remulus - Hermaphrodite
Red-Fin Killi - Annuli (lives for one year) Mosquito Fish - feed on mosquito larvae, sexual dimorphism Butterfly Split Fin Sheepshead Minnow - Sexual dimorphism Four-eyed fish - Pupil divided into two halves |
|
Superorder Acanthopterygii
Series Percomorpha Characteristics |
Ligamentous connection between pelvic and pectoral girdles
Mostly Marine Contains bulk of bony fishes Most advanced Euteleosts |
|
Superorder Acanthopterygii
Series Percomorpha Orders |
Stephanoberyciformes
Beryciformes Zeiformes Gasterosteiformes Synbranchiformes Scorpaeniformes Perciformes Pleuromectiformes Tetradontiformes |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Stephanoberychiformes |
Whale fishes
Deep Sea fishes Exhibit bioluminescence Weak or absent fin spines |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Stephanoberychiformes Examples |
Gibber fish
|
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Beryciformes |
Fangtooth, Flashlight, Squirrelfish
Deepwater or nocturnal Strong spines on head or gill covering Shallowest water dwellers |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Beryciformes Examples |
Squirrelfish
Orange Ruffle - Important for sushi |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Zeiformes |
Dories and Oreos
Highly protrusible jaw Unique caudal skeleton |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Zeiformes Examples |
European John Dorry
Large dorsal crest |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Gasterosteiformes |
Small, marine and freshwater
Dermal armor Small mouths Locomotion by pectoral fins - some lost caudal fin |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Gasterosteiformes Examples |
Nine-Spine Stickleback - highly studied for freshwater isolation
Sea Horse - Eggs develop in males Trumpetfish - Hang head down in urchin spines |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Synbranchiformes |
Primarily Freshwater
Elongate, eel-like fishes Some may be facultative airbreathers Sequential Hermaphrodites Amphistylic Jaw Suspension |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Synbranchiformes Examples |
Marble Swamp Eel
|
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Scorpaeniformes |
Benthic, Primarily marine
Spines project from head Many lack scales |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Scarpaeniformes Examples |
Flying Grenard - 'winged' pectoral fins, doesn't fly
Red Scorpion Fish - Large mouth, Venomous spines Rock Fish - Bear live young Red Lionfish - Venomous spines, invasive species Stonefish - Deadliest fish Sea Raven - Close relative to sculpens Lumpfish - Eggs collected for caviar |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Perciformes Suborders? |
Percoidei
Elassomatoidei Labroidei Zoarcoidei Notothenioidei Trachenoidei Blenniodei Icosteodei Gobiesocoidei Callionymoidei Gobioidei Kurtoidei Acanthuroidei Xiphioidei Scombroidei Stromateoidei Anabantoidei Channoidae Caproidei |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei |
Spines in dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins
Two dorsal fins Lateral pectoral fins Abdominal pelvic fins Ctenoid scales Lack adipose fins Physoclistus gas bladder Reduction of bones and caudal fin rays Maxilla excluded from gape |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Families? |
Centropomidae
Latidae Moronidae Polyprionidae Serranidae Grammatidae Centraarchidae Percidae Apogonidae Malacanthidae Pomatomidae Coryphaenidae Echeneidae Carangidae Lutjanidae Lobotidae Haemulidae Sparidae Sciaenidae Kyphosidae Chaetodontidae Pomacanthidae Polycentridae Sphyraenidae |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Centropomidae |
Snook
Found in estuaries and near shore waters Pisicivorous fishes |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Latidae |
Baramundi, Nile Perch
Introduction to African freshwater systems dissimated native Cichlids |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Moronidae |
Striped Bass
Lake dwelling Anadromous |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Polyprionidae |
Giant Sea Bass
|
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Serranidae |
True Sea Bass
One of the largest families of Percoides 3 spines on opercular bone ex. Goliath Grouper |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Grammatidae |
Basslets, Royal Gramma
|
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Centrarchidae |
Sunfish, Common Bass, Crappie
Primarily freshwater Widely distributed outside native range |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Percidae |
Perches, Walleyes
Primarily freshwater Heavily impacted from habitat loss Sexual dimorphism during breeding season |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Apogonidae |
Cardinalfishes
Primarily nocturnal Large eyes and mouth Many are mouth brooders |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Malacanthidae |
Tilefish
Burrowers |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Pomatomidae |
Bluefish
Found in most major ocean basins Aggressive predators -Slash and dismember school of prey fish |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Coryphaenidae |
Mahi Mahi
Over 300 common names Open water, surface-oriented predators Males have square head profile |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Echeneidae |
Remoras, Suckerfish
Sucker is a modified dorsal fin Attaches to sharks, whales, billfishes |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Carangidae |
Jacks, Pompano
Near shore or pelagic Lateral compression Evidence of cooperative hunting Carangiform swimming |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Lutjanidae |
Snapper (Red, Grey, Mangrove, Mutten)
Tropical, Warm water Forms shoals |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Lobotidae |
Triple Tail
Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins of equal size -Appears as 3 tails |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Haemulidae |
Grunt, Porkfish
Forms shoals Produces sounds with pharyngeal teeth Alternate daytime resting and nighttime feeding |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Percoidei Family Sparidae |
Corgies, Sheepshead
Human-like incisors for scraping Molariform teeth for crushing -Heterodont |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Percoidei Family Scianidae |
Drums and Croakers
Sound production by sonic muscles Tropical-Temperate waters Mostly marine Large otolith and extensive lateral line for sound production |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Percoidei Family Kyphosidae |
Sea Chubs, Rudderfish
Herbivores - House bacteria |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Percoidei Family Chaetodontidae |
Butterflyfish
Diurnal High territoriality in pairs |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Percoidei Family Pomacanthidae |
Angelfish
Undergo color change during onotogeny |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Percoidei Family Polycentridae |
Leaffishes
Morphological resemblance to leaves Freshwater, S. Hemisphere Highly expandable jaws |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Percoidei Family Sphyraenidae |
Barracuda
Viracious predator with slicing teeth |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Elassomatoidei Family Elassomatidae |
Pygmy Sunfish
Dwells in swampy habitats |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Labroidei Families? |
Cichlidae
Embiotocidae Pomacentridae Labridae Scaridae |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Labroidei Family Cichlidae |
Cichlids
High Diversity - Speciation among freshwater habitats Many exhibit nesting and brooding |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Labroidei Family Embiotocidae |
Surf Perches
Males born sexually mature |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Labroidei Family Pomacentridae |
Damselfishes, Anemone fish
Tropical Highly protrusible jaws |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Labroidei Family Labridae |
Wrasses
Locomotion by oscillation of pectoral fins Color change throughout ontogeny Sequential hermaphrotism |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Labroidei Family Scaridae |
Parrotfish
Teeth fused into beak for scraping algae from coral |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Zoarcoidei Families? |
Zoarcidae
Anarhicadidae |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Zoarcoidei Family Zoarcidae |
Eel Poute
Eel-like, rounded up A lot of problems in foul somethechnique |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Zoarcoidei Family Anarhicadidae |
Wolf Fish
Heterodont - Large, cone shaped teeth in front |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Notothenioidei Family Nototheniidae |
Cod Ice Fishes/Chilean Sea Bass
Predominantly benthic Some species lack hemoglobin and exhibit clear blood |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Blenniodei Family Blenniidae |
Combtooth or Sabretooth Blennies
Mimic cleaner fishes |
|
Order Perciformes
Superorder Icosteoidei Family Icosteidae |
Ragfish
Spineless, scaleless Uncalcified, cartilaginous skeleton |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Gobiesocoidei Family Gobiesocidae |
Clingfish
Amphibious Intertidal areas Pelvic fin modified for suction to substrate |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Gobioidei Family Gobiidae |
Gobies
Largest family of fishes Fused pelvic fins Includes amphibious mudskipper |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Kurtoidei Family Kurtidae |
Nurseryfish
Males have modified disk on head for egg brooding |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Acanthuroidei |
Batfish, Moorish Idol, Surgeonfish
|
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Xiphioidei Family Xiphiidae Family Istiophoridae |
Swordfish, Billfish
Distinctive extension of premaxilla |
|
Order Perciformes
Suborder Scombroidei Family Scombridae |
Tuna, Mackerel
Adaptations for mobile, open sea existence Highly effected by overfishing Bluefin sold for $173,600 |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Pleuronectiformes Families? |
Paralichthyidae
Pleuronectidae Achiridae Cynoglossidae |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Pleuronectiformes Characteristics |
Eye migration - Left or Right dependent on species
Benthic lifestyle - No gas bladder Some possess ability to change pigmentation |
|
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Paralichthyidae |
Left/Sinistral Eye Flounder
|
|
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Pleuronectidae |
Right/Dextral Eye flounder
|
|
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Achiridae |
American sole, hogchocker
Freshwater tolerant |
|
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Cynoglossidae |
Tonguefish
Most elongate of flatfishes No distinctive caudal fin |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Tetradontiformes Families? |
Balistidae
Diodontidae Molidae |
|
Series Percomorpha
Order Tetradontiformes |
Most diversified of teleosts
4 teeth in outer jaws Loss or fusion of numerous bones Majority marine |
|
Order Tetradontiformes
Family Balistidae |
Triggerfishes
Long, stout first dorsal fin First spine can spring up |
|
Order Tetradontiformes
Family Diodontidae |
Spiny puffers, Burrfishes
|
|
Order Tetradontiformes
Family Molidae |
Tropical Molas
Most advanced fishes Pseudocaudal tail fin Produce up to 300 million eggs |