Ibm 408 Final Flash Cards

Front 1

Statistical techniques appropriate for analyzing data when there is a single measurement of each element in the sample are called

Back 1

univariate techniques

Front 2

Statistical techniques can be broadly classified as ________ or ________.

Back 2

univariate; multivariate

Front 3

If there are too few respondents in the lowest income category, this category may be combined or merged with the next lowest category. This is known as ________.

Back 3

Recoding

Front 4

Coding ________ questions is relatively simple since the response options are predetermined.

Back 4

structured

Front 5

Discarding unsatisfactory responses from collected data may have merit in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Back 5

when the unsatisfactory respondents differ from satisfactory respondents in obvious ways.

Front 6

The thorough and extensive check for consistency and treatment of missing responses is called ________.

Back 6

data cleaning

Front 7

Assigning missing values to unsatisfactory responses may be desirable in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Back 7

All of the mentioned situations (A, B and C) qualify for the assignment of missing values when unsatisfactory responses are discovered on a questionnaire.

Front 8

In coding an unstructured questions, categories are ________ if every response fits into one of the assigned category codes.

Back 8

collectively exhaustive

Front 9

In coding a unstructured questions, category codes should be ________ and ________.

Back 9

collectively exhaustive; mutually exclusive

Front 10

________ involves the transformation of data to create new variables or modify existing ones.

Back 10

Variable respecification

Front 11

Treatment of missing responses poses problems, particularly if the proportion of missing responses is ________.

Back 11

more than 10 percent

Front 12

A part of the data cleaning process that identifies data that are out of range or logically inconsistent, or that have extreme values, is called ________.

Back 12

consistency checks

Front 13

Which of the following is NOT an option available for the treatment of missing responses?

Back 13

modify the questionnaire

Front 14

________ consists of screening questionnaires to identify illegible, incomplete, inconsistent, or ambiguous responses.

Back 14

Editing

Front 15

_______ is a method of handling missing values in which for each calculation or analysis, only the respondents with complete responses are considered.

Back 15

Pairwise deletion

Front 16

According to the text, the data preparation process begins with ________.

Back 16

checking the questionnaires for completeness

Front 17

Pairwise deletion may be appropriate when all of the following conditions are present EXCEPT:

Back 17

the sample size is small.

Front 18

The assignment of a symbol to represent a specific response to a specific question, along with the data record and column position that symbol will occupy, is called ________.

Back 18

coding

Front 19

The test of the null hypothesis is a ________ test if the alternative hypothesis is expressed directionally.

Back 19

one-tailed

Front 20

If the distribution is asymmetric, which measure of location is most appropriate if the data is in a nominal scale? If it is in an ordinal scale? If it is in an interval or ratio scale

Back 20

mode, median, mean

Front 21

The mean squared deviation of all the values from the mean is called the ________.

Back 21

variance

Front 22

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

Back 22

mean

Front 23

The spread, the difference between the smallest and largest values of a distribution, is called the ________.

Back 23

range

Front 24

________ occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

Back 24

Type I error

Front 25

Chi-square analysis should NOT be conducted when the expected or theoretical frequency in any of the cells is less than ________.

Back 25

5

Front 26

he probability of making a type I error is called the ________.

Back 26

level of significance

Front 27

A univariate hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution is called the ________.

Back 27

z-test

Front 28

The most common measures of variability are the ________ and ________.

Back 28

range; variance

Front 29

Accepting the ________ will lead to changes in opinions or actions.

Back 29

alternative hypothesis

Front 30

According to the text, which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?

Back 30

mode

Front 31

A measure of how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis is called the ________.

Back 31

test statistic

Front 32

The value of the test statistic that divides the rejection and nonrejection regions is called the ________.

Back 32

critical value

Front 33

The ________ is always the hypothesis that is tested, but can never be accepted based on a single test.

Back 33

null hypothesis

Front 34

A statistical technique that describes two or more variables simultaneously and results in tables that reflect the joint distribution of two or more variables that have a limited number of categories or distinct values is called ________.

Back 34

cross-tabulation

Front 35

A statement that some difference or effect is expected is called a(n) ________.

Back 35

alternative hypothesis

Front 36

The ________ is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false and should be rejected.

Back 36

power of a test

Front 37

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable as to express these counts in percentage terms is called ________.

Back 37

frequency distribution

Front 38

Which of the following is NOT a statistic that is associated with the measures of location of frequency distribution?

Back 38

maxima

Front 39

The ________ of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

Back 39

median

Front 40

The t statistic is calculated by assuming that all of the following exists EXCEPT:

Back 40

the sample size is large

Front 41

The null hypothesis of equal means for more than two samples is tested by a(n) ________, which is the ratio of the mean square related to the independent variable to the mean square related to error.

Back 41

f statistic

Front 42

The critical values for a two-tailed z-test, given a significance level of 0.05, would be ________.

Back 42

-1.96 and 1.96

Front 43

Which would be the appropriate way to test differences in proportions for more than two samples?

Back 43

cross-tabulation procedure to conduct a chi-square test

Front 44

In one-way ANOVA, separation of the variation observed in the dependent variable into the variation due to the independent variables plus the variation due to error is called ________.

Back 44

decomposition of the total variation

Front 45

A frequency distribution that depends on two sets of degrees of freedom is called a(n) ________.

Back 45

F distribution

Front 46

________ in ANOVA indicates that some differences exist between some of the treatment groups.

Back 46

Significance of the overall effect

Front 47

Procedures for examining differences between more than two means are called ________.

Back 47

analysis of variance

Front 48

A ________ is a univariate hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution.

Back 48

z-test

Front 49

________ tests provide inferences for making statements about the means of parent populations.

Back 49

Parametric

Front 50

________ are hypothesis testing procedures that assume the variables of interest are measured on at least an interval scale.

Back 50

Parametric tests

Front 51

A univariate hypothesis test using the t distribution, which is used when the standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is small, is called the ________.

Back 51

t-test

Front 52

The categorical independent variables used in an analysis of variance are called ________.

Back 52

factors

Front 53

In the case of conducting the t-test on the means of two samples of observations, the samples can be ________ or ________.

Back 53

independent; paired

Front 54

An ANOVA technique in which there is only one factor is called ________.

Back 54

one-way analysis of variance

Front 55

If the probability of F is greater than the significance level α, ________ and ________ should be used.

Back 55

H0 is not rejected; t based on "equal variances assumed"

Front 56

Independent variables must be all ________ to use an ANOVA.

Back 56

nonmetric

Front 57

In its simplest form, ANOVA must have a(n) ________ that is metric.

Back 57

dependent variable

Front 58

A(n) ________ of sample variance may be performed if it is not known whether the two populations have equal variance.

Back 58

F-test

Front 59

Examples of hypotheses related to paired samples include all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 59

The new service plan will be preferred by at least 70 percent of the customers.

Front 60

In many marketing research applications, the observations for two groups are not selected from independent samples. Rather, the observations relate to ________ in that the two sets of observations relate to the same respondents.

Back 60

paired samples

Front 61

Which statement is not true concerning the t distribution?

Back 61

The t distributions are skewed to the left.

Front 62

Which of the following is NOT an example of a statement that is about a single variable against a known or given standard?

Back 62

The proportion of households with an Internet connection in the United States exceeds the proportion of those in Germany.

Front 63

The critical value for a one-tailed z-test, given a significance level of 0.05, would be ________.

Back 63

either -1.645 or 1.645