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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a musical sound defined by it's pitch and duration. it is represented by a musical symbol called a now
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tone
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highness or lowness of a sound measured by frequency; relates to melody
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pitch
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depends on the time that the vibration continues and relates to the music's movement through time or rhythm
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duration
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a coherent succession of single pitches hat are perceived in relation to each other.
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melody
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the distance between two different pitches
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interval
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the distance between a melody's highest and lowest tones
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range
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the direction a melody takes as it turns upward or downward or remains static
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shape
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melodies that move principally by small intervals in a joined connected matter
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conjunct
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melodies that move in disjoined or disconnected intervals
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disjunct
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denotes a unit of meaning within a larger structure. ends in a cadence
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phrase
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where a phrase ends; inconclusive cadence-makes the listener more is coming. it may sound final leaving the listener to think it's over. the singer stops to draw a breathe
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cadence
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the high point in a melodic line which usually represents a peak in intensity as well as in range
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climax
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the added tone to music when several simultaneous melodies are over one another and it is of relative importance. literally means against a melody
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countermelody
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organizes movement in time. refers to the length or duration of individual notes. moves the music forward
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rhythm
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basic unit used to measure time.
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beat
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a strong beat which are usually heard at regular intervals ie every other beat, down beat etc
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accented beat
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patterns into which rhythmic pules are organized and is marked off as a measure. has a fixed number of beats comes later in music-late 1800s or early 1900s
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meter
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the first accented beat of each pattern. refers to the downward stroke of the conductors hand
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downbeat
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a strong downbeat alternates witha weak beat ie ONE-two-ONE-two or ONE-two-THREE-four
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duple meter
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a strong downbeat alternates with two weak beats ie ONE-two-three-ONE-two-three.
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triple meter
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common time. contains four beats to the measure with a primary accent on the first beat and a secondary accent on the third beat
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quadruple meter
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when duple, triple, and quadruple meters subdivide the beat into two or four they are called this
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simple meter
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beat that is divided into three.
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compound meter
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six beats to a measure
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sextuple meter
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a deliberate upsetting of the normal pattern of accentuation
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syncopation
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a simultaneous use of rhythmic patterns that conflict with the under lying beat, such as 'two against three' or 'three against four' ie african, jazz, rock
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polyrhythms
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grouping of irregular numbers of beats that add up to a larger overall pattern
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additive meter
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music that moves without any strong sense of beat or meter
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non-metric
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describes the movement and relationship of intervals and chords. moves the music along. creates a feeling of unity or order. usually complement the melody
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harmony
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when three or more tones are sounded together
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chord
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collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order
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scale
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a chord built on any step or degree of the scale by combining every other note ie 1,3,5 or 2,4,6
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triad
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a central ton. the first ton of a scale
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tonic
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two different types of scales which are commonly found in western music. characterized by intervals
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major/minor scales
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describes melodies or harmonies that are build from the tones of a major of minor scale
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diatonic
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describes the full gamut of notes available in the octave. means color
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chromatic
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a combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, in need of resolution; introduces tension, sounds wrong and is 'fixed' with resolution
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dissonance
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an agreeable combination of musical tones that provides a sense of relaxation and fulfillment where the dissonance finds it's resolution
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consonance
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when harmony takes the subsidiary role of a single sustained tone against which melodic and rhythmic complexities unfold
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drone
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an element of music where the melodic lines are the thread. ie interweaving of melody and harmony
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texture
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the simplest texture. single voice, melody is heard without any harmonic accompaniment or other melodic lines
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monophony
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a type of texture. two or more voices simultaneously elaborating the same melody usually in a improvised performance
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heterophony
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music which is created on the spot
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improvisation
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a type of texture. many voices two or more different melodic lines are combined thus distributing melodic interest among all the parts
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polyphony
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note against note. on musical line set against another. art of combining two or more simultaneous melodic lines usually with rules defined in a particular era. common of the baroque era
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counterpoint
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a type of texture. single voice takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying parts take a subordinate role. the parts becoming block of harmony. the listeners interest is directed tot he single melodic line but is conceived in relation to a harmonic background
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homophony
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a type of texture. all voice or lines move in the same rhythm in a note against note style. based on harmony moving in synchronization with a melody
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homorhythmic
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the most popular type of canon which is when each voice enters in succession with the same melody and can be repeated endlessly.
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round
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refers to a statement of the melody backward beginning with it's last note and proceeding to it's first
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retrograde
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a technique that turns the melody upside down. it follows the same interval, but in the opposite direction
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inversion
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retrograde combined with inversion. the melody is turned upside down and backward
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retrograde inversion
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opposite of diminution. the melody is presented in longer time values. often twice as slow as the original
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augmentation
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opposite of augmentation. the melody is presented in short time values. this dimensions the time it take to be played
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diminution
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an impression of conscious choice and rational arrangement. a work's structure of shape, the way elements of a composition have been combined or balanced to make it understandable to the listener. organizing principle in music
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form
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contours of musical form, unity and variety. this fixes the material in our mind and satisfies our need for the familiar
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repetition
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simulates our interest and fees our love for change
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contrast
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falls between repetition and contrast. some aspects of the music are altered but the original is still recognizable
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variation
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two part. based on a statement and a departure with no return to the opening section. A-B.
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binary form
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three part. extends the idea of statement and departure by bringing back the first section. A-B-A.
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ternary form
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melodic idea is a building block in the construction of a musical work. first in a musical event series
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theme
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the most tight knit kind of expansion in music elaborating or varying a musical idea revealing it's capacity for growth.
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thematic development
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the simplest process of development repetition. may either be exact or varied or the idea may be restated at a higher or lower pitch level.
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sequence
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