Iat 267 Quiz 4

Front 1

What is the range of a Servomotor placement?

Back 1

- 0 to180 degrees

Front 2

What do the wires means in a Servomotor?

Back 2

Black = Ground

Red = Power (+5V)

Yellow = Control (PWM)

Front 3

What are the two ways to code for the servo control?

Back 3

- By pulse: writing a pulse to the motor that is the desired length, in microseconds

- By angle: a value between 0 and 180 degrees (followed by a non-digit character)

Front 4

What is the correlation between the angle and the microseconds in a Servomotor?

Back 4

- 0 degrees = 1000 microseconds

- 45 degrees = 1250 microseconds

- 2000 degrees = 2000 microseconds

Front 5

What are the 3 methods that the Arduino Servo Library has?

Back 5

1. attach()

2. write()

3. read()

Front 6

How many Servomotors can an Arduino control with the Servo Library?

Back 6

- up to 12

Front 7

What are the advantages of using a Servomotor?

Back 7

- easy to control

- precise

- powerful tool for anything needing controllable, repeatable movement

- signals used to control servos are almost always the same

Front 8

What does Physical Identity mean?

Back 8

- Presence: Is it near me?

- Address: Where is it?

Front 9

How do Computers Identify Objects?

Back 9

- Use information from sensors

- Techniques: Optical Recognition & Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Front 10

What is Optical Recognition?

Back 10

- Can take many forms: Video Color Tracking, Shape recognition, Barcode

- Identifiers: Colors, Shapes, Barcodes (can be fluid/ mean different things depending on context)

Front 11

What is Shape and Pattern Recognition?

Back 11

- Recognizing a color: simple computationally

- Recognizing a physical object: more challenging

2D geometry has to be known: from every angle, able to compare any view we get form the object, computer compares patterns, it doesn't understand the object as a discrete entity

Solution: simplify to barcode

Front 12

What is Barcode Recognition?

Back 12

- Pattern of dark and light lines or cells used to encode an alphanumeric string

- Computer reads the barcode by scanning the image and interpreting the light and dark bands as 0 or 1

- Scanning: done by camera or photodiode

Front 13

What are the different kinds of barcodes?

Back 13

- 1D bardcode: ISBN of a book, Scanner or camera needs to read the image only along one axis

-2D barcode: QR (Quick Response Code) has a 2D matrix and therefore more info density

Front 14

What are the drawbacks of barcodes?

Back 14

- distortion form analog to digital conversion through the camera causes many errors

- line of sight

- barcode image has to be centered- otherwise the pattern recognition routine will not work properly due to distortion at edges

Front 15

What is Radio Frequency Identification?

Back 15

- Relies on tagging object in order to identiy them

- RFID tags do not need to be visible to be read

- RFID reader sends out a short-range radio signal, which is picked up by an RFID tag

- the tag then transmits back a short string of data

Front 16

What are the types of a RFID System?

Back 16

1. Passive

2. Active

Front 17

Explain a Passive RFID System?

Back 17

- the tags contain an integrated circuit that has a basic radio transceiver and a small amount of nonvolatile memory

- powered by the current that the reader's signal induces in their antennas

- received energy is just enough to power the tag to transmit its data once

Front 18

Explain an Active RFID System?

Back 18

- the tag has its own power supply and radio transceiver

- transmits a signal in response to a received message from a reader

- longer range

- more expensive

Front 19

When is an RFID reader activated? Deactivated?

Back 19

- LOW

- HIGH

Front 20

What are Haptics?

Back 20

- Study and implementation of interaction techniques involving touch

Front 21

What are the Input devices commonly used in Haptics?

Back 21

- force-sensitive resistors

- thermistors

- capacitance sensors

Front 22

What are Force-Sensitive Resistors (FSR)

Back 22

- covert mechanical force into electrical resistance

- generally small, flat

Front 23

What are flex sensors?

Back 23

- look and work like FSR

- vary resistance based on how much they are bended

- flat plastic strip that van bend up to 180 degrees

- resistance: 10 KOhms to 40 KOhmns

- used in virtual reality gloves

Front 24

What are pressure sensors?

Back 24

- measure pressure exerted by a gas or fluid

- most commonly used in pneumatic or hydraulic applications

Front 25

How/Why can Capacitience Sensors be used to sense touch

Back 25

- human body always stores a small electic charge

Front 26

What is the Matrix Library?

Back 26

- A library that enabled you to work with a single LED Driver

Front 27

What is the LedControl Library?

Back 27

- Enables you to work with multiple LED drivers and newer drivers as well

Front 28

What is the Sprite Library?

Back 28

- A library allows you to create image sprites to use with the Matrix library

Front 29

What does LCD stand for?

Back 29

- Liquid Crystal Display

Front 30

How many data lines does and LCD library use?

Back 30

- LCD = 8 data lines

- LCD 4 Bit = 4 data lines

Front 31

Name 4 parts to consider in communication between different machines and applications.

Back 31

1. Context: continuous, non-continuous, a/synchronous, peer-to-peer, client-sever, ect.

2. Means of Communication

3. Machines used

4. Amount of data being exchanged

Front 32

What are the benefits of communicating over Networks?

Back 32

- enable your application to work remotely: get info from remote locations; send info to other devices, applications, and locations; send commands to a remote server

- gather data from the internet

- network multiple devices and machines

Front 33

What are the layers of agreement?

Back 33

1. Physical

2. Electrical

3. Logical

4. Data

5. Application

Front 34

Explain the Physical Layer of Agreement

Back 34

- how are the physical inputs and outputs of each device connected to the other

- how many connections between the two devices do you need to get messages across

Front 35

Explain the Electrical Layer of Agreement

Back 35

- what volatage levels will you send to represent the bits of your data

Front 36

Explain the Logical Layer of Agreement

Back 36

- does an increase in voltage level represent a zero or a one (5V = 1 and 0V = 0)

Front 37

Explain the Data Layer of Agreement

Back 37

- what is the timing of the bits

- are the bits read in groups of 8, 9 or 10 bits

- are there bits at the beginning of end of each group to punctuate the groups

Front 38

Explain the Application Layer of Agreement

Back 38

- how are the groups of bits arranged into messages

- what is the order in which messages have to be exchanged in order to get something done

Front 39

What do Network Maps do?

Back 39

- show how things are connected

- show arrangements of physical connections: how we want to route the messages on that network

- types of network connections

Front 40

Draw a Star Network.

Back 40

Do it.

Front 41

Draw a Ring Network.

Back 41

Do itt.

Front 42

What is an IP Address?

Back 42

- it can change when a device is moved form one network to another

Front 43

What is a Hardware Address?

Back 43

- does not changed when device is moved from one network to another

Front 44

What are the pieces of information required to identify the receiving application?

Back 44

1. the name or address of the host machine

2. the identity of the receiving process(application) on the destination host

**in internet application the destination host's address is specified by its IP address**

Front 45

What are Ports?

Back 45

- help computer sort data from network to different applications

- identified by a 16-bit number

Front 46

Explain a User interface.

Back 46

- allows the user to invoke and control application functionality

Front 47

Explain Application logic

Back 47

- the software code, processing instruction that provide functionality

Front 48

Explain the Application-level protocol

Back 48

- define the format and order of the messages exchanged between processes, as well as the action taken on the transmission or receipt of a message

Front 49

What is the Transport Layer?

Back 49

- the layer of the network responsible for making sure packets get to their destination

Front 50

What are the two protocols used to handle transport of packets on the internet?

Back 50

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Front 51

What is a packet?

Back 51

- the data, broken into smaller pieces, for easier sending

Front 52

What is the ping Command?

Back 52

- tests whether an internet host is reachable

- also measures the round-trip time to the host, thus providing some indication of how 'far away' the remote host it

Front 53

What is a Client Class?

Back 53

- is used to create a client object that connects to a server to exchange data

Front 54

What are the Characteristics of a Client Class?

Back 54

- sends the request

- initiates requests

- waits for and receives replies

- usually connects to small number of servers at one time

- typically interacts directly with end

-users using a graphical interface

Front 55

What is a Server Class?

Back 55

- is used to create server objects that can send and receive data to and from any client connected to it

Front 56

What are the characteristics of a Server Class?

Back 56

- receiver of request which is send by client is known as server

- passive

- waits for requests from clients

- upon receipt of requests, processes them and then serves replies

- usually accepts connections from a large number of clients

- typically does not interact directly with end-users

Front 57

What does a UDP service entail?

Back 57

- lightweight transport protocol with a minimalist service model

- connection-less, no handshaking before the two processes start to communicate

- provides an unreliable data transfer service. When a process sends a message into a UDP socket, UDP provides no guarantee that the message will ever reach the receiving socket

- messages that do arrive to the socket may arrive out of order

- does not include a flow control or congestion control mechanism, so a sending process can pump data into a UDP socket at any rate it please. But data may not make it

Front 58

What does a TCP service entail?

Back 58

- includes a connection-oriented service and a reliable data transfer service

- client and server exchange control info with each other before the application-level messages begin to flow, allows them to prepare for transfer

- full-duplex connection, two processes can send messages to each other over the connection at the same time

- tears down connection when done. referred to as "connection-oriented"

- reliable transport service

- congestion control mechanism