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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hydrotherapy
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the therapeutic use of water in it's three forms (ice, water, steam/vapor) used both internally and externally in the treatment of trauma and disease.
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who used water as a beverage for reducing fever and treating many diseases
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hippocrates
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before the development of antidepressent and stimulate medications what was used to stimulate or sedate the autonomic nervous system
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hot, warm and cold applications
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what was used instead of electric shock to treat depression?
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cold shock
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what was used to calm anxious persons
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warm baths of long duration with herbal and mineral additives to the water
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name 5 theraputically benefits of water
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-relax, stimulate, anesthetize, reduce circulation, increase circulation.
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what are the 3 forms of water
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liquid, steam and ice
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ways of internal use of water
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drinking it, enema, douche, bidet, nose or ear bath
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the effects of water are________ and focused on the ________
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primarly reflexive, autonomic nervous system
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heat energy
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mechanical effect
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cold
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stimulates sympathetic responses
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warm
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activates parasympathetic responses
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short, cold applications
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stimulate and vasoconstrict which increases circulation as the blood is channeled to the area to warm it
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long, cold applications
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depress and decrease circulation
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short applications of heat
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vasodilate vessels and depress and deplete tone
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long hot applications
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result in a combined supressment and stimulate reaction
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pain relief- hot, warm and cold applications
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analgesic
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reduction in sensation- cold application
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anesthetic
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reduces swelling- cold application
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antiedemic
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reduces fever- ool to cold application
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antipyretic
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kills pathogens- boiling water and high pressure steam
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antiseptic
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reduces muscle spasm -hot, warm and cold applications
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antispasmodic
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contraction of tissues- cold application (burn treatment; first and mild 2nd degree burn only- cool application)
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astringent
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produces sweating- hot application
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diaphoretic
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increases urine formation
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drinking water, diruetic
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produces vomiting- ingesting warm water
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emetic
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loosens mucus- hot and steam applications
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expectorant
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inhancement; increases white cell production- cold application
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immunologic
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promotes peristalsis of the bowel-ingestion of cold water or enema
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laxative
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eliminates toxins- all forms of water
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purifier
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reduces sympathetic arousal and encourages sleep- ingesting warm water
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sedative
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increases sympathetic arousal- short, hot and cold applications
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stimulate
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increases muscle tone- cold and alternating hot and cold applications
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tonic
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effects of heat
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-increase circulation
-increase metabolism -increase immflamation -increase respiration -increase prespiration -decrease pain, muscle spasm, tissue stiffness, white blood cell production |
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effects of cold
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increase stimulation,mucle tone,tissue stiffness, white blood cell production, red blood cell production
- decrease circulation ( primary effect) increase circulation (secondary effect) decrease immflamation, pain, respiration, digestive process |
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effects of ice
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decrease circulation, metabolism, immflamation, pain, muscle spasm and increased stiffness
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types of ice application
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ice packs, ice immersion(ice water) ice massage, cold whirlpool, chemical cold packs, cold gel packs
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r.i.c.e. first aid
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rest, ice, compression, elevation
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very cold is
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32/56 = painful
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cold is
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56/65 = uncomfortable
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cool is
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65/92 =gooseflesh
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neutral is
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92/98 = skin temp
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warm to hot is
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98/104 = comfortable
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very hot is
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104/110 = red skin (temperatures higher than 110 should not be used)
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rest
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allows the injured area or entire body to best use regenerative energy to heal.
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ice
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decreases metabolism, resulting in lessened secondary injury caused by swelling from the primary injury. ice does not affect the original injury but keeps body processes from making the injury worse.
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compression
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increases pressure outside the vasculature. this helps control adema by promoting reabsorption of fluids.
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elevation
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reduces blood flow and fliud flow to injured areas.
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how ice provides pain relief (analgesic)
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-slows the inflammation and swelling the occurs after injury
-numbs sore tissues (anesthetic) -slows the nerve impulses in the area, which interrupts pain spasm reaction between the nerves -decreases tissue damage |
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ice is most effective if applied to the injury when?
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within 48 hrs or sooner
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never apply ice directly to skin to avoid skin burning except when?
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ice massage (ice doesn't stay in one place for long)
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on patients who have rheumatoid arthritis, raynaud's syndrome, cold allergic conditions, paralysis, areas of impaired sensation
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When should ice not be used?
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ice massage
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-cold the fastest
-5 times more effective than ice pack -apply ice gently and massage in circular motion -focus on 6 inch area where the pain is felt -avoid applying ice directly on bones -limit massage to about 5 min |
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cold therapy (cryotherapy) should not be used on people who:
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-have circulation problems
-are unconscious -unable to respond or cannot feel cold(someone after a stroke, with a neuropathy, paralysis of a limb) -allergic to cold (rash or blisters to cold) -vasospastic disease (spasms of blood vessels) -respiratory disorders (hoarseness, sneezing, chest pain) -gastro disorders (abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting) -cardiac disorder -compromised local circulation |
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typical experience with application of ice
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-initial intense cold
-burning sensation -aching -pain relief or anesthesia (loss of sensation) |
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slushy ice pack
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-cold fastest
-10-20 min -use on larger area -numbness -one part alcohol to two part water |
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gel pack
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-cold longer
-no numbness -10-20 min -use on larger area |