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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Location: Central Africa
Major Site: Chad Date Range: 6-7 mya Associated paleoanthropologist: Michel Brunet Additional points: may be bipedal due to placement of the foramen magnum |
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
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Location: East Africa, Rift Valley
Major Site: Tugen Hills, Kenya Date Range: ~6 mya Associated paleoanthropologist: Andrew Hill and Brigitte Senut Additional points: earliest known hominid, CT scans of the proximal femur have shown that bipedalism |
Orrorin tugenensis
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Location: East Africa
Major Site: Aramis Date Range: 5.5-4.4 mya Gracile Associated paleoanthropologist: Tim White Additional points: NOT an australopithecilne, possible human ancestor, very primitive cranium, ape-like, thin enamel, large canines (sectorial complex and diastema) |
Aridipithecus ramidus
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Location: East Africa
Major Site: Kanapoi, Allia Bay Date Range: 4.2-3.9 mya Gracile Associated paleoanthropologist: Meave Leakey Average cranial capacity: small, apelike, ~400cc Additional points: earliest australopithecine, thick enamel, large canines (sectorial complex and diastema) |
Australopithecus anamensis
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Location: East Africa
Major site: Radar, Laetoli Date range: 3.9-3.0 mya (K/Ar dates) Gracile Associated paleoanthropologist: Tim White and Don Johanson Average Cranial capacity: 420cc Additional points: Lucy=40% of a skeleton from Hadar, Laetoli footprints uncovered by Mary Leakey(3.6 mya), more primitive than later australopithecines, very sexually dimorphic, long upper limbs suggest climbing ability, thick enamel, large teeth, parallel tooth rows |
Australopithecus afarensis
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Location: East Africa
Major site: West Turkana, Kenya Date Range: 3.2-3.5 mya Associated paleoanthropologist: Meave Leakey Additional points: "flat-faced Kenya human", characterized by large flat face, but small cheek teeth, only early hominid with these features |
Kenyanthropus platyops
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Location: East Africa
Major site: Middle Awash (Bouri) Date range: 2.5 mya Gracile Associated paleoanthropologist: Tim White Average cranial capcity: 450cc Additional points: possible first tool users (Oldowan industry), long forelimbs and hindlimbs, large teeth and projecting face |
Australopithecus garhi
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Location: East Africa
Major site: West Lake Turkana Date Range: 2.5 mya Robust Associated paleoanthropologist: Alan Walker Average cranial capacity: 410cc Additional points: Black Skull (WT 17,000), probably ancestral to Australopithecus bosei |
Australopithecus/Paranthropus aethiopicus
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Location: South Africa
Major site: Taung, Sterkfontein, Kromdraai, Makapansgat Date Range: 3.6-2.5mya Gracile Associated Paleoanthropologist: Raymond Dart Average cranial capacity: 440cc Additional points: first australopithecine found was Taung; substantial zygomatic bones, lower face projecting, high mandibular ramus, evidence of 6 lumbar vertebrae (STS 14) |
Australopithecus africanus
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Location: South Africa
Major Site: Swartkrans, Kromdraai Date range: 2-1.5 mya Robust Associated paleoanthropologist: Robert Broom Average cranial capacity: 530cc |
Australopithecus/Paranthropus robustus
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Location: East Africa
Major site: Olduvai Gorge, Koobi Fora Date range: 2-1 mya Robust Associated paleoanthropologist: Mary and Louis Leakey Average cranial capacity: 631cc Additional points: significant increase in cranial capcity, not restricted to either south or east africa, reduction in size of molars/premolars, increase in size of incisors, tool use, extreme sexual dimorphism |
Homo(Australopithecus?) habilis
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What are the anatomical features of robust australopithecines?
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sagittal crest
large zygomatics postorbital constriction postcanine megadontia small incisors and canines very large mandible reorientation of temporalis muscle small brain |
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Taung child
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Australopithecus africanus
3-6 year old child first australopithecine found |
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Lucy
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Australopithecus afarensis
40% complete skeleton |
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Hadar Zinj
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Austraopithecus boisei
Olduvai Gorge found by Mary Leakey |
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Black Skull
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Australopithecus aethiopicus
West Lake Turkana |
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STS 5
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Australopithecus africanus
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SK48
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Australopithecus robustus
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ER 1813 and ER 1470
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Homo habilis
East Lake Turkana |
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Location: Africa, Europe
Major Sites: Nariokotome (West Lake Turkana), East Turkana (East Rudolph), Olduvai Gorge, Swartkrans, Ternifine, Dmanisi Date Range: 1.9-1.4 mya Average cranial capacity: 900-1100cc |
Homo ergaster
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Which species is considered by many to be the same species as H. erectus, with the minor differences between them explained as regional variation?
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Homo ergaster
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Which species in Africa is associated with the Oldowan tool industry?
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Homo ergaster
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Who was the first hominid to move out of Africa and into more temperate regions?
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Homo ergaster
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WT 15000 (the Nariokotome Boy) is the most complete skelton we have, prior to Neandertals. Of what species is WT 15000?
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Homo ergaster
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Location: East Asia
Major sites: Zhoukoudian, Longgupo, Trinil, Sangiran, Ngandong, Hexian Date range: 1.8 mya Average cranial capcity: 750-1100cc |
Homo erectus
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Which fossil ancestor was found in 1891 by Eugene Dubois in Java at the site of Trinil and consisted of a skullcap and a femur?
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Homo erectus
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What species is also known as Pithecanthropus erectus, Java Man, Peking Man, Pithecanthropus soloensis, Sinanthropus?
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Homo erectus
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Which species' tool industry is known as the Acheulean which is best known for its hand axes (or bifaces) and cleavers?
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Homo erectus
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Which species shows possible evidence for hunting and increased meat consumption?
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Homo erectus
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