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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
afterbirth
|
Stage three of the birth process, during which the placenta
and other membranes are discharged (Ch. 4) |
|
AIDS
|
A condition caused by a virus that invades the body's
immune system, making it vulnerable to infections and life- threatening illnesses (Chs. 4 and 12). |
|
amniocentisis
|
A process that entails inserting a needle through the
mother's abdomen, piercing the amniotic sac and withdrawing a sample of the amniotic fluid (Ch. 4). |
|
amniotic sac
|
Fluid-filled cavity in which embryo and fetus develop (Ch.
4). |
|
anoxia
|
A lack of oxygen that can cause brain damage or death if it
occurs during the birth process (Ch. 4). |
|
blastocyst
|
When the fertilized egg reaches the uterus (about seven
days), it's known as a blastocyst (Chs. 3 and 4). |
|
breech birth
|
A birth in which the baby is born feet first, buttocks first, or
in a crosswise position (transverse presentation) (Ch. 4). |
|
cellular differentiation
|
Embryonic cells are destined for specific functions (Ch. 4).
|
|
cesarean section
|
A surgery performed to deliver the baby through the
abdomen if for some reason the child cannot come through the birth canal (Ch. 4). |
|
chorionic villi sampling (CVS)
|
A procedure in which a catheter (small tube) is inserted
through the vagina to the villi and a small section is suctioned into the tube (Ch. 4). |
|
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
|
A virus that can cause damage ranging from mental
retardation, blindness, deafness, and even death. One of the major difficulties in combatting this disease is that it remains unrecognized in pregnant women (Ch. 4). |
|
DES (diethylstilbestrol)
|
In the late 1940s and 1950s, DES (a synthetic hormone)
was administered to pregnant women supposedly to prevent miscarriage. It was later found that the daughters of the women who had received this treatment were more susceptible to vaginal and cervical cancer (Ch. 4). |
|
developmental risk
|
Children who may be susceptible to problems because of
some physical or psychological difficulty ("at-risk" children) (Ch. 4). |
|
dilation
|
Stage one of the birth process, during which the cervix
dilates to about 4 inches in diameter (Ch. 4) |
|
ectoderm
|
The outer layer of the embryo that will give rise to nervous
system, among other developmental features (Ch. 4). |
|
ectopic pregnancy
|
A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg attempts to develop
in one of the fallopian tubes; this is sometimes referred to as a tubal pregnancy (Ch. 4). |
|
embryonic period
|
Third through the eighth week following fertilization (Ch. 4).
|
|
endoderm
|
The inner layer of the embryo that will give rise to the
lungs, liver, and pancreas, among other developmental features (Ch. 4) |
|
expulsion
|
Stage two of the birth process, during which the baby
passes through the birth canal (Ch. 4) |
|
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
|
Refers to babies when their mothers drink alcohol during
pregnancy; they manifest four clusters of symptoms: psychological functioning, growth factors, physical features, and structural effects (Ch. 4). |
|
fetal period
|
The period extending from the beginning of the third month
to birth (Ch. 4). |
|
fetoscopy
|
A procedure in which a tiny instrument called a fetoscope is
inserted into the amniotic cavity, making it possible to see the fetus (Ch. 4). |
|
forceps delivery
|
A procedure in which the physician, for safety, will withdraw
the baby with forceps during the first phase of birth (Ch. 4). |
|
German measles (rubella)
|
A typically mild childhood disease caused by a virus;
pregnant women who contract this disease may give birth to a baby with a defect: congenital heart disorder, cataracts, deafness, mental retardation. The risk is especially high if the disease appears early in the pregnancy (Ch. 4). |
|
germinal period
|
The first two weeks following fertilization (Ch. 4)
|
|
herpes simplex
|
An infection that usually occurs during birth; a child can
develop the symptoms during the first week following the birth. The eyes and nervous system are most susceptible to this disease (Ch. 4). |
|
implantation
|
Fertilized egg attaches and secures itself to uterine wall
(Chs. 3 and 4). |
|
mesoderm
|
The middle layer of the embryo that gives rise to muscles,
skeleton, excretory system (Ch. 4). |
|
miscarriage
|
The term that describes when a pregnancy ends
spontaneously before the 20th week (Ch. 4). |
|
organogenesis
|
The formation of organs during the embryonic period (Ch. 4).
|
|
placenta
|
The placenta supplies the embryo with all its needs, carries
off all its wastes, and protects it from danger (Ch. 4). |
|
premature
|
A condition that occurs less than 37 weeks after conception
and is defined by low birth weight and immaturity (Ch. 4). |
|
prepared childbirth
|
Combination of relaxation techniques and information about
the birth process; sometimes called the Lamaze method after its founder (Ch. 4) |
|
rh factor
|
An incompatibility between the blood types of mother and
child; if the mother is Rh-negative and the child is Rh- positive, miscarriage or even infant death can result (Ch. 4). |
|
stillbirth
|
The term used to describe, after the 20th week, the
spontaneous end of a pregnancy if the baby is born dead (Ch. 4). |
|
syphilis
|
A sexually transmitted infection that presents a great
danger in that in its early stage there are no symptoms. If untreated, it can be fatal (Chs. 4 and 12). |
|
teratogens
|
Any agents that can cause abnormalities, including drugs,
chemicals, infections, pollutants, and the mother's physical state (Ch. 4). |
|
thalidomide
|
A popular drug prescribed during the early 1960s, which
was later found to cause a variety of birth defects when taken by women early in their pregnancy (Ch. 4). |
|
toxoplasmosis
|
Caused by a protozoan, it may cause damage to the
nervous system; transmitted by animals, especially cats (Ch. 4). |
|
ultrasound
|
The use of sound waves to produce an image that enables a
physician to detect structural abnormalities (Ch. 4). |
|
umbilical cord
|
Contains blood vessels that go to and from the mother
through the arteries and veins supplying the placenta (Ch. 4). |