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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fascia
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Fibrous connective tissue; separates muscle and holds them in place
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Tendon
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Cord like structure that attaches muscle to bone
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Aponeroses
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Sheet of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
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Actin
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Protein that with myosin, contracts muscle fibers, thin
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Myosin
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Protein that with actin, contracts muscle fibers, thick
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Sarcolemma
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Cell membrane
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Sarcomere
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Structural and functional unit of myofibril (between striations)
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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ER
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Sarcoplasm
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Cytoplasm
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T-Tubles
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Transverse Tubules = canal system for extra-cellular fluids
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Motor Neuron
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Nerve fiber that stimulates muscle fiber
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Neuromuscular Junction
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Site where muscle and nerve meet
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Neurotransmitter
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Stores chemicals at ends of nerve fibers
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Motor End Plate
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Special muscle fiber; membrane forms with lots of mitochondria and many fluids
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Acetylcholine
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Type of neurotransmitter; transmits nerve messages across synapses
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Ca++
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Reacts with active filaments and forms cross-bridges between actin and myosin
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ADP
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Adenosine Diphosphate - molecule produced when ATP loses terminal phosphate
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Cholinesterase
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Enzyme at neuromuscluar junction that prevents a single nerve impulse from causing a continued stimulation of muscle (decomposes acetylcholine)
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Myoglobin
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Pigment in muscle cells that loosely bonds oxygen for temporary storage; reduces need for continuous blood supply
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Hemoglobin
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Loosely bonds oxygen within RBC
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Oxygen Debt
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Inadequate function of respiratory and circulatory system
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Liver
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Lactic acid to liver by blood where it can change back into glucose, but this requires ATP
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ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate - organic molecule that stores and releases energy for use in cellular processes
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Skeletal Muscle
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Type of voluntary muscle tissue in muscles attached to bones
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Fatigue
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Lose of ability to contract
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Creatine Phosphate
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Primary source of engery to regenerate ATP from ADP+P --> stores mitochondria and engergy
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Cramp
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Painful condition in which muscle contracts spasmodically but doesn't relax completely
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Myogram
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Muscular response - "picture" of muscle contracting
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All-or-none Resonse
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Muscle fibers are stimulated either responds to its fullest or no contraction
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Twitch
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Single contraction that lasts 1/10 of a second
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Threshold Stimulus
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Minimal stimuli strength to cause a contraction
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Impulse
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Wave of depolarization conducted along a nerve or a muscle fiber
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Latent Period
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Time lag between application of stimulus to time muscle responds
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Period of Contraction
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Muscle pulls at its attachments (shortens)
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Period of Relaxation
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Returns to former length
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Tone/Tonus
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Partial contraction of small numbers of muscle fibers; maintaining posture if lost the body will collapse (unconscious)
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Smooth Muscle
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Single nucleus/fiber - look at section D in notes
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Cardiac Muscle
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Striated cells joined end to end - look at section E in notes
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Origin
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Immovable end to which skeletal muscle is attached
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Insertion
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Movable part on the other side of a joint
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Prime Mover
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Muscle responsible for most movement
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Synergists
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muscles that assist prime movers
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Antagonists
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Muscle capable of resisting prime mover's action; movement in opposite direction
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Isotonic
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Tone remains the same but length of muscle changes; work and movements is produced; moving a heavy box
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Isometric
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Muscle length remains same but the tension increase; no work is done; pushing the wall
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Spastic
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Result of forceful exercise that increases size of individual muscle fibers not an increase in number of fibers (spastic)
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Flaccid
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Muscle decreases in size, strength and number of cell organelles due to lack of use (flaccid)
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Epimysium
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A layer of connective tissue at the muscle; at an entire skeletal muscle
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Perimysium
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A layer of connective tissue at the muscle; at bundle of muscle fibers
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Endomysium
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A layer of connective tissue at the muscle; at each muscle fiber cell
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Motor Unit
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Motor neuron + muscle fibers
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Muscle Fiber
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Muscle cell - shape of a fiber
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