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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Melatonin: source and action
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Pineal gland. Circadian rhythm, possible sleep regulation, regulation of reproduction, anti-oxidant.
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Serotonin: source and action
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Neurons of CNS and endochromaffin cells of GI tract. Regulation of anger, aggression, body temperature, mood, sleep, vomiting, sexuality, and appetite. Neurotransmitter
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Thyroxine(T4): Source and action
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Follicular cells of thyroid. Involved in controlling the rate of metabolic processes and influencing physical development.
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Triiodothyronine(T3): Source and action
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Thyroid. Affects almost every process in the body, including body temperature, growth, and heart rate.
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Epinephrine: source and action
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Adrenal medulla. Boosts the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, while suppressing other non-emergency bodily processes eg digestion. Neurotransmitter.
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Norepinephrine: Source and action
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Adrenal medulla. Directly increases heart rate, triggering the release of glucose from energy stores, and increasing skeletal muscle readiness. Neurotransmitter.
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Dopamine: Source and action
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Hypothalamus. Inhibits the release of prolactin
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Source and action
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Anterior pituitaty gland. Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland and boosts the synthesis of corticosteroids, mainly glucocorticoids but also sex steroids (androgens).
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin): Source and action
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Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamas, secreted by posterior pituitary. Increases the permeability of the distal tube to water and thus allows water reabsorption, increases arterial blood pressure
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Calcitonin: Source and action
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parafollicular cells of thyroid. Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, which decreases serum Ca
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Cortico-releasing hormone (CRH): Source, target, and action.
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produced by neuroendocrine cells of hypothalamus, carried to anterior pitutiarty. Stimulates ACTH release. Also secreted by placenta. Neurotransmitter.
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Erythropoietin: Source and action.
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EPO is produced mainly by peritubular fibroblasts of the renal cortex. Regulates red blood cell production.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Source and action
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Anterior pituitary. In women, stimulates growth follicles. follicle growth releases inhibin, which shuts off FSH production.
In men, spermatogenesis. |
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Gastrin: Source and action
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Produced by G cells of the duodenum and in the pyloric antrum of the stomach. Released into blood stream. Stimulates parietal cells of the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid
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Glucagon: Source, target and action
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alpha cells of islets of langerhans. Bind to glucagon receptors causing the liver to release glucose (glycogen)throughglycogenolysis
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Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1):source, target, and action.
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Synthesized and released by the hypothalamus. Responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
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Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)(growth hormone releasing factor)(somatacrinin): Source, target, and action
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Hypothalamus. Stimulates GH release from anterior pituitary.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG): Source and action
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Produced by embryo and placenta. Prevents disintegration of corpus leutum thereby maintaining progesterone production.
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Growth hormone (GH): Source and action.
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Anterior pituitary. Stimulates growth and cell reproduction.
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Inhibin: Source and action.
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Ovaries or testes. Inhibits FSH production.
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Insulin: Source and action.
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Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Causes liver and muscle cells to take in glucose and store it in the form of glycogen.
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Luteinizing hormone (LH): Source and action.
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Anterior pituitary. Surge triggers ovulation and converts follicle to corpus luteum.
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: Source and action
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Intermediate pituitary. Skin pigmentation
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Oxytocin: Source, target and action.
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Hypothalamus, posterior pituitary. Positive feedback in labor. Breastfeeding.
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Source and action.
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Parathyroid glands. Acts antagonistically to calcitonin, Increase blood ca2+
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Prolactin: Source and action
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Anterior pituitary. Milk production. Represses dopamine.
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Secretin: Source and action.
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S cells of the duodenum. Reduces acid secretion from stomach by inhibiting gastrin release from G cells. This helps neutralize the pH of the digestive products entering the duodenum from the stomach.
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Somatostatin, growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH): Source and action.
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Hypothalamus. Inhibits release of: GH, TSH, Gastrin, Secretin, Insulin, ang Glucagon. Opposes the effects of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
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Thrombopoietin: Source and action
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Produced by liver and kidneys. Stimulates bone marrow cells that produce platelets.
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Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH): Source and action.
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Anterior Pituitary. Stimulates T3 and T4 secretion. Controlled by TRH.
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Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH): Source, target and action
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Hypothalamus. Stimulates the release of TSH and prolactin by the anterior pituitary.
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Cortisol: Source and action
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Adrenal Cortex. It increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels and has immunosuppressive action
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Aldosterone: Source and action
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Adrenal Cortex. Regulates sodium and potassium balance in the blood. Increases permeability of distal tube to K+, thus promoting Na+ and water resorption
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Testosterone: Source and action
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Testes. Secondary sexual characteristics
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Estrogen: Source and action
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Ovarian follicles, corpus luteum, and placenta. Secondary sexual characteristics.
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Progesterone: Source and action
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Ovaries, placental and post corpus luteum. Involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis
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pregnanetriol
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precursor in the biosynthesis of the adrenal hormone cortisol. Steroid hormone.
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