Honors Biology Chapter 4

Front 1

the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life

Back 1

cell

Front 2

Cell theory

Back 2

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

Front 3

the cell's outer boundary

Back 3

Plasma membrane

Front 4

the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus

Back 4

cytoplasm

Front 5

the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not organelles covered with membranes

Back 5

cytosol

Front 6

a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Back 6

nucleus

Front 7

a singe-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane bound organelles; bacteria archea

Back 7

prokaryote

Front 8

an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; animals, plants, and fungi

Back 8

eukaryote

Front 9

one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function

Back 9

organelle

Front 10

a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function

Back 10

tissue

Front 11

the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life

Back 11

cell

Front 12

Cell theory

Back 12

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

Front 13

the cell's outer boundary

Back 13

Plasma membrane

Front 14

the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus

Back 14

cytoplasm

Front 15

the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not organelles covered with membranes

Back 15

cytosol

Front 16

a membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Back 16

nucleus

Front 17

a singe-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane bound organelles; bacteria archea

Back 17

prokaryote

Front 18

an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; animals, plants, and fungi

Back 18

eukaryote

Front 19

one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function

Back 19

organelle

Front 20

a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function

Back 20

tissue

Front 21

a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

Back 21

organ

Front 22

a group of organs that accomplish related tasks

Back 22

organ system

Front 23

a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes

Back 23

phospholipid bilayer

Front 24

in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein, in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA

Back 24

chromosome

Front 25

the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Back 25

nuclear envelope

Front 26

the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized

Back 26

nucleolus

Front 27

a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis

Back 27

ribosome

Front 28

in a eukaryotic cell, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP

Back 28

mitochondrion

Front 29

a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids

Back 29

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 30

cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell

Back 30

Golgi apparatus

Front 31

a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus

Back 31

lysosome

Front 32

the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division

Back 32

cytoskeleton

Front 33

one of the small tubular, fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that are compose the cytoplasm, and that play a role in cell structure and movement

Back 33

microtubule

Front 34

a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement

Back 34

microfilament

Front 35

a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells

Back 35

cilium

Front 36

a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move

Back 36

flagellum

Front 37

an organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis

Back 37

centriole

Front 38

a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

Back 38

cell wall

Front 39

in some protists and in most plant cells, a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials

Back 39

central vacuole

Front 40

an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell; chloroplasts and chromoplasts

Back 40

plastid

Front 41

an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Back 41

chloroplast

Front 42

a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis

Back 42

thylakoid

Front 43

a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates

Back 43

chlorophyll

Front 44

surrounds the cell membrane of plants

Back 44

cell wall

Front 45

acts as the cell's command center

Back 45

nucleus

Front 46

is a gelatin-like substance

Back 46

cytoplasm

Front 47

transports proteins and other materials throughout the cell

Back 47

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 48

is made of chromatin which contains DNA

Back 48

chromosomes

Front 49

functions as the cell's skin

Back 49

plasma membrane

Front 50

aids cell motility

Back 50

microfilament

Front 51

packages protein for release outside the cell

Back 51

Golgi apparatus

Front 52

produces protein that the cell needs

Back 52

ribosomes

Front 53

is the cell's powerhouse

Back 53

mitochondria

Front 54

store digestive enzymes

Back 54

lysosomes

Front 55

regulates substances entering and leaving the nucleus

Back 55

nuclear membrane

Front 56

contain chlorophyll in green plants

Back 56

plastid

Front 57

Mitchondria function?

Back 57

cell respiration

Front 58

Ribosomes function?

Back 58

protein synthesis

Front 59

nucleus function?

Back 59

contains the hereditary information

Front 60

vacuole function?

Back 60

storage of water, undigested food, and/or waste products

Front 61

centriole function?

Back 61

active in movement of the chromosomes during cell division

Front 62

lysosome function?

Back 62

storage of digestive enzymes

Front 63

endoplasmic reticulum function?

Back 63

transport within the cytoplasm

Front 64

golgi apparatus function?

Back 64

packages secretions