Hnf 375 Exam 2

Front 1

Epidemiology is defined by the study of: A. implications of disease, B. the outcomes of epidemics, C. distribution and determinants ofdisease, D. diseases within a population

Back 1

C. Distribution and determinants of disease

Front 2

“Prevalence” in epidemiologicalstudies means: A. All cases in a given population at a given time point, B. All new cases in a given group (cohort)during a period, C. Cases ofillness and death in a population, D. The amount illness in a community

Back 2

A. All cases in a given population at a given time point

Front 3

Which of the following is not apart ofthe Epidemiological approach?A. Observe, B. Develop thehypotheses, C. Intervention andevaluation, D. Scientific Reference

Back 3

D. Scientific Reference

Front 4

A group of smokers have been studiedover 4 years. This is example of a ___ (cohort/case-control/risk factor/intervention) study

Back 4

Cohort study

Front 5

Age, gender, housing, and geographiclocation are all examples of: A. Determinants, B. Odd ratio risk, C. Biomarkers, D. Relative risk

Back 5

A. Determinants

Front 6

Morbidity in epidemiological studiesis defined as:A. Incidenceof disease, B.Incidenceofdeath, C. Obesity in thepopulation, D. 25 Unhealthy lifestyle

Back 6

A. Incidence of disease

Front 7

What body system/organ does arsenichave the most effect on?

Back 7

Lower respiratory system

Front 8

Which of the following should betested for arsenic? A. Private Wells, B. Bottled Water, C. Food Wrappers, D. Canned Food

Back 8

A. Private wells

Front 9

Which country has a high exposure toarsenic?

Back 9

Bangladesh

Front 10

What is the EPA safety standard fordrinking water in ppb?

Back 10

10 ppb

Front 11

T or F: Nutritionists andRegistered Dietitiansaresynonymous

Back 11

False

Front 12

What state does not havestate license for R.D.’s?

Back 12

Michigan

Front 13

During policy making, whodecides whichactions to take to address a problem or set of problems? a. Community, b. Authorities, c. President, d. Senate

Back 13

b. Authorities

Front 14

Once a problem is defined, what is thestep of the policy cycle? a. Policy Adoption, b.Policy Evaluation, c.Policy Implementation, d. Formulation of Alternatives

Back 14

d. Formulation of Alternatives

Front 15

Which of the following isconsidered a health claim currently authorized by the USDA? a. Whole-grain foods and risk of heartdisease, b. Fruits and clear skin and energylevel, c. Vegetables and weight loss, d. Cholesterol and risk of diabetesand stroke

Back 15

a. Whole-grain foods and risk of heart disease

Front 16

When a bill is approved by the committee,where does it go next?

Back 16

The Senate

Front 17

Which of the following nutritionservices is covered by Medicare? a. MNT (Medical Nutrition Therapy) fordiabetes, b.MNT for cardiovascular diseases, c.MNT for AIDS, d.MNT for eating disorders

Back 17

a. MNT (Medical Nutrition Therapy) for diabetes

Front 18

In some states in the United Statesa dietitian requires to be ___ (registered/certified/licensed/have a bachelors in dietetics)

Back 18

Licensed

Front 19

The four sets of Reference Valuesfor DRI’s are EAR, RDA, AI, and: A. UL, B. USDA, C. LUS, D. DNA

Back 19

A. UL

Front 20

Theaverage daily energy intake to maintain enegybalance and good health for population groups is the: A. AMDR, B. EER, C. RDA, D. AI

Back 20

B. EER

Front 21

Appropriate Food Safety andLabeling is a component of: a. Nutrition Policy Making, b.Nutrition Research, c.Nutrition Monitoring, d.Nutrition Education

Back 21

a. Nutrition Policy Making

Front 22

How many Kcals from fat are in ahamburger that contains 30 grams of fat?

Back 22

270

Front 23

In the MyPlatediagram, what constitutes the largest portion of the plate?

Back 23

Vegetables

Front 24

Which one of the following isincluded in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. Decrease in Potassium intake, b. Maintainhealthy weight, c.Take vitamin supplements regularly, d.Eat 5 servings of fresh fruits

Back 24

B. Maintain healthy weight

Front 25

Which of the following is anexample of factors that affect the obesity epidemic? a. Supplement vitamins, b. High Carbohydrate content, c. Media Influences, d. GMO Foods

Back 25

c. Media Influences

Front 26

A food desert community:a. Suffers famine due to naturaldisaster, b. Does not have supermarkets orgrocery stores, c. Does not have access to desirableweather, d. Does not have access to clean water

Back 26

b. Does not have supermarkets or grocery stores

Front 27

In estimating portion sizes a cup iscomparable to a ___ (baseball/deck of cards/tip of thumb of first joint/fist)

Back 27

Baseball

Front 28

What’s the difference between anobesity prevention program and obesity treatment program?

Back 28

Obesity prevention program is to maintainstable weight, while obesity treatment program is to lose weight over

Front 29

Who gave a guest lecture onLegislative Process?

Back 29

Tom Leonard

Front 30

Who has the authority to call an“All in the house” action?

Back 30

House speaker

Front 31

Those ages 65 and over qualify for

Back 31

Medicare

Front 32

Why is health care expenditure sohigh?

Back 32

Due to treating of preventablediseases

Front 33

Three categories of health insurancecoverage includes government/public, uninsured,and ___ (patient/permit/practicing/private) insurance

Back 33

Private

Front 34

In 2014, what percentage of people areuninsured in Michigan?

Back 34

13.5

Front 35

Refers to the effortsto ensure that everyone in the U.S. hasaccess to affordable quality health care is: A. Health Care Policy, B.Health Care Infrastructure, C.Health Care System, D.Health Care Reform

Back 35

D. Health care reform

Front 36

Access by all people at all timesto enough food for an active, healthy life is food ___ (insecurity/security/abundance/equality)

Back 36

Security

Front 37

In 2012, how many million childrenlived in food secure households?

Back 37

8.3

Front 38

Which region of the United Stateshas the highest ranges of food insecurity?

Back 38

The South

Front 39

This program is intended to improvethe diets of low income households by increasing access to food andfood-purchasing ability

Back 39

Supplemental Nutritional AssistanceProgram (SNAP)

Front 40

What is the main cause of foodinsecurity?

Back 40

Poverty

Front 41

he most recent 2014 researcharticle that Dr. Song posted in D2L lecture folder reports that the prevalenceof food insecurity in the U.S. among children has ___ (increased/decreased/remained the same)

Back 41

Increased

Front 42

“Epidemic”means: A.From the policy, B. Within the community, C.Upon the people, D.None of the above

Back 42

C. Upon the people

Front 43

Epidemiologystudies: A. Programswhose target is the community, whether the program is funded by the federalgovernment or sponsored by a private group, B.The distribution and determinants of diseases and other health outcomes inhuman populations, C.The natural history of diseases, D.Both B and C

Back 43

D. The distribution and determinants of diseases and other health outcomes inhuman populations AND The natural history of diseases

Front 44

Thefirst step of the EpiApproach is: A.Count cases and events, B.Observe, C.Develop the hypothesis, D.Intervention and evaluation

Back 44

B. Observe

Front 45

Hostfactors do NOT include: A.Family History, B. Age, C.Geographic Location, D.Sex

Back 45

C. Geographic Location

Front 46

Morbidityrefers to: A.Death, B.Illness

Back 46

B. Illness

Front 47

What is NOT one of signs/symptomsof Pellagra (Niacin Deficiency)? A. Diarrhea, B. Dysphagia, C. Dermatitis, D. Dementia, E. Death

Back 47

B. Dysphagia

Front 48

What is NOT an advantage of aCase-Control study? A. Investigate a wide variety of potentialrisk factors, B. Quick and inexpensive, C. Major information depends on subjects’memories, D.Can be applied to rare diseases

Back 48

C. Major information depends on subjects’ memories

Front 49

A professor studies the diets ofpregnant women that live in urban areas. Which design did she use?

Back 49

Observation

Front 50

What is a bias with a “hiddenvariable or factor that affects study and control groups differently”?

Back 50

Confounding Bias

Front 51

A major hospital located in thecity opens a free clinic in a rural area to better provide access and care topatients. This is an example of a ___ (risk factor/determinant/policy intervention/incidence) to one’s health.

Back 51

Determinant

Front 52

Age,sex, genetics, nutrition, family history are all ___ (host/environmental) factors

Back 52

Host

Front 53

Occupation, housing, lifestyles,geographic location are all ___ (host/environmental) factors

Back 53

Environmental

Front 54

___ (Cases/Prevalence/Incidence) are instanceof death, illnesses or other health outcomes

Back 54

Cases

Front 55

___ (Cases/Prevalence/Incidence) are allcases of aspecific illness in a given population at a time point

Back 55

Prevalence

Front 56

___ (Cases/Prevalence/Incidence) are allnew cases of aspecific illness in a given group (cohort) during a period

Back 56

Incidence

Front 57

T or F: Incidentcases contribute to the overall prevalent cases

Back 57

True

Front 58

___ (Risk/Risk factors) are clinicallyimportant signs and symptoms associated with the risk

Back 58

Risk factors

Front 59

What is the equation for calculating odds ratio?

Back 59

(Odds of exposure in cases)/ (Odds of exposure in controls)

Front 60

What is the equation for calculating relative risk?

Back 60

(Outcome rate among persons exposed to a certain factor)/(Outcome rate among persons not exposed)

Front 61

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency in what?

Back 61

Niacin

Front 62

Neural tube defect is caused by a deficiency in what?

Back 62

Folic acid

Front 63

NHANES is a nutritional ___ (survey/policy/ban)

Back 63

Survey

Front 64

Formulationof alternatives comes after ___ (problem definition/policy adoption) and before ___ (problem definition/policy adoption)

Back 64

Problem definition, policy adoption

Front 65

Manyhealth claims and related practices authorizedby FDA ___ (are/are not) regulated bylaws

Back 65

Are not

Front 66

What are 2 nutrition services covered by medicare?

Back 66

MNT for diabetes (pre-diabetes not included), MNT for renal disease (no dialysis)

Front 67

What are 4 nutrition services not covered by medicare?

Back 67

1. Cardiovasculardiseases, 2. Pre-diabetes, 3. Obesity, 4. AIDS

Front 68

Dietary guidelines are updated every ___ (5/10/15) years

Back 68

5

Front 69

A policy is created when ___ (community members/authorities/voters) decide to address a problem

Back 69

Authorities

Front 70

What is the correct order of steps inpolicy making?

Back 70

1. Problemdefinition/agenda setting, 2. Formulation of alternatives, 3. Policyadoption

Front 71

Whohas an influence on policy? A. Street- level bureaucrats, B. Committees, C.Executives, D.All of the above

Back 71

D. All of the above

Front 72

T or F:Our aging population presents a significant emerging nutrition policy issue inthe U.S.

Back 72

True

Front 73

T or F: Nutrition counseling serviced for dialysis for patients suffering from renaldisease is reimbursed (covered) by Medicare.

Back 73

False

Front 74

Assessment of nutritional status at one or multiple time points is ___ (monitoring/surveillance/a nutrition survey)

Back 74

Nutrition survey

Front 75

Assessment at intermittent times with thepurpose of detecting changes over time is ___ (monitoring/surveillance/a nutrition survey)

Back 75

Monitoring

Front 76

Continuous assessment for the purpose ofdetecting and correcting trends, prevalence, or distribution of health risks is ___ (monitoring/surveillance/a nutrition survey)

Back 76

Surveillance

Front 77

What is NOT an area of nutritionmonitoring in the US? A. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, B. Food supply determination, C. Food composition and nutrient databases, D. Nutritional status and nutrition-relatedhealth, E. All of the above

Back 77

E. All of the above

Front 78

Which of the following is NOTpart of a nutrition policy in the US? A. Dietary guidelines for Americans, B. MyPlate, C. NHANES, D. Food labels

Back 78

NHANES (Survey, NOT a policy)

Front 79

RDAs are determined based on ___ (biological info/experimental studies/national questionnaires)

Back 79

Biological information

Front 80

Accordingto the Dietary Guidelines, what foods or food components should be reduced? A. Sodium, B. Fats, C. Refined grains, D. Alcohol, E. All of the above

Back 80

E. All of the above

Front 81

Accordingto HP2020, chronic disease (heart disease, cancer, diabetes) account for ___ (20%/30%/70%/90%) ofall deaths in the U.S.

Back 81

70%

Front 82

T or F: According to HP2020, men have a longer life expectancy than women in the U.S

Back 82

False