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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the primary energy carrying molecule in the cell?
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ATP
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How much ATP per gram of muscle is stored?
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Store 7-8 mol ATP/g muscle
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How much ATP per gram of muscle per second does exercise utilize?
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Exercise utilizes 10 mol ATP/g muscle/second
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With stores of ATP, how long can you exercise for?
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Stored ATP can supply energy for one second of exercise
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What is the reaction of ATP?
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ATP ---> ADP + Pi + Energy
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What enzyme breaks down ATP?
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ATPase
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What happens after ATP is depleted and ADP concentrations are increased?
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Increased concentrations of ADP stimulate creatine kinase (CK), adenylate kinase, and AMP deaminase
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What is the reaction for creatine kinase?
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PC (phosphocreatine) + ADP <-> ATP + creatine
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What is the reaction for adenylate kinase?
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ADP + ADP <-> ATP + AMP
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What is the reaction for AMP deaminase?
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AMP -> IMP (inosine monophosphate) + NH3
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What is the duration of exercise using ATP-PC system?
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Less than 5 seconds
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Is there a method of increasing the concentration of phosphocreatine (PC) with in skeletal muscle cells?
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Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation
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How does creatine monhydrate supplementation work?
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Take 20 grams of PC over 5 days and it increases your intramuscular stores of PC
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What does increased intramuscular stores of PC do?
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Improves performance in short duration (<30seconds) high intensity cycling; Improves strength and increases fat free mass when used in conjunction with resistance training
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What is the glycolysis pathway used for?
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Transfer bond energy from glucose to rejoin Pi and ADP
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Where does glycolysis take place?
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Cytosol
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What are the two phases of glycolysis?
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(1) Energy Investment- phosphates are added to glucose and fuctose 6 phosphate by ATP
(2) Energy Generation- ATP and NADH are generated |
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What is the net ATP production from one glucose molecule under anaerobic conditions?
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2 ATP; one molecule of glucose produces 4 molecules of ATP. However, 2 molecules of ATP are initially utilized. Therefore, the net ATP production from 1 molecule of glucose under anaerobic conditions is 2 ATP
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What is the net ATP production from one glycogen moleucle under anaerobic conditions?
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3 ATP; one molcule of glycogen produces 4 molecules of ATP. Hoever, 1 molecules of ATP is initially utilized. Therefore, the net ATP production from 1 molecule of glucose under anaerobic conditions is 3 ATP
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What is the net ATP production from one triglyceride or protein molecule under anaerobic conditions?
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Zero because they are both metabolized from aerobic conditions; neither protein nor triglyccerides can combine ADP and Pi to produce ATP because it required oxygen
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How does the presence of oxygen effect glycolysis?
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Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is not converted to lactate
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What happens to pyruvate under aerobic conditions?
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Transported into the mitochondria; NADH to ETC
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Describe the basics of the Krebs Cycle
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Aerobic production of ATP, occurs in the mitochondria, produces 1 ATP per cycle (2 ATP per molecule of glucose), and utilizes hydrogen carriers (NAD and FAD)
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In the Krebs Cycle, what does one molecule of pyruvate produce?
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4 NADH, 1 FADH, and 1 ATP (all x2 because it happens twice)
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What happens to the hydrogen carriers (NADH and FADH) during the Krebs Cycle?
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Generate energy from moving across the membrane
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Where does the ETC occur?
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Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
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What happens during the ETC?
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Electrons are released from NADH and FADH adn move down cytochromes. The movement of electrons down cytrochromes forces H+ across teh membrane. This H+ movement causes ADP + Pi -> ATP
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How much ATP is required to make one NADH?
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2.5 ATP
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How much ATP is required to make one FADH?
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1.5 ATP
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What is the final hydrogen acceptor in the ETC?
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1 oxygen, forms water
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****review "putting it all together" slide****
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**
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What enzyme regulates ATP-PC?
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Creatine Kinase
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What enzyme regulates glycolysis?
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Phosphofuctokinase
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What enzyme regulates krebs cycle?
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Isocitrate
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What enzyme regulates the electron transport train?
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Cytochrome Oxidase
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What enzyme stimulates all of the enzymes that regulate bioenergetics?
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ADP
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What inhibits all of the enzymes that regulate bioenergetics?
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ATP
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Where is the majority of ATP produced?
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Mitochondria
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What are the two types of mitochondria?
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Subsacrolemmal Mitochondria and Intermyofibrillar mitochondria
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4-6 Weeks of endurance training can increase mitochondrial content by how much?
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30-100%
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