Histology Midterm 2012

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Cartilage Cell-

Chondrocytes

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Cartilage-Mesenchymal Cells

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Cartilage-Mesenchymal Cells

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Cartilage -Chondroblasts Cells

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Cartilage - Chondrocyte Cells

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Cartilage Growth, specifically, Appositional Growth

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Bone

Along the edge are Osteoblasts

In the center = Osteocytes

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Bone Cells =

Osteoclasts

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Bone Cell = Osteocytes

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Name the Process

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Mineralization:
a. Mineralized Bone
b. Osteoid Layer
c. Osteoblasts

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Bone Cells =

Osteoclasts

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Compact Bone at the edge
Cancellous Bone in the middle

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Cross section of Cortical Bone

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Bone:

Top: Haversian System

Tiny dots: Osteocyte Lacunae

Center of the rings = Haversian Canals that contain the neurovascular system

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Haversian Canal
Canaliculi (tiny striations)
Little dots = osteocyte lacuna
One large ring = Haversian System

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Lamella
Osteocytes
Haversian Center
Canaliculi

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Bone Formation =
Endochondral Ossification

Zone 1 = resting cartilage
Zone 2 =Proliferating cartilage
Zone 3 = Hypertrophic cartilage
Zone 4 = Calcified Cartilage
Zone 5 = Ossification

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3 types of Cartilage =
Hyaline

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3 Types of Cartilage =
Fibrocartilage

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3 Types of Cartilage =
Elastic
The white dots are lacunae with chondrocytes

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Dendrite
Nucleus
Cell Body
Axon Hillock
Axon

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Neuron

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Unipolar Neuron

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Presynaptic Neuron with all the synaptic vessels

Postsynaptic Membrane

Postsynaptic Neuron with no vessels

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Astrocyte

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Microglial Cells

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Microglial cells

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Neuron
Astrocyte
Oligodendrocyte

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I think this is a microglial cell...please doublecheck!

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White matter on the left

Gray matter on the right

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Cerebellum:
Granule Layer (dark purple)
Molecular Layer (white layer)

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Cerebellum
Molecular Layer
Granule Layer

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Very important Slide

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Cerebellum

Molecular Layer
Perkinje Cells
Granule Layer

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Cerebellum

You can only see the Perkinje Cell (the black dot)

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Spinal Cord

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Spinal Cord

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Blood vessel = blood brain barrier

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Blood vessel = blood brain barrier

astrocytes

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choroid plexus

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Outside to inside:

Skeletal Muscle
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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Striated Muscle - parts of 3 muscle fibers

A = Dark staining A bands

I = Light staining I bands

F= nucleus of bfibroblast in endomysium

N = muscle nucleus against sarcolemma

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Cardiac Muscle

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Cardiac Muscle

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Smooth muscle

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Smooth muscle

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smooth muscle

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smooth muscle = during contraction

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One axon giving rise to 3 motor end plates

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Epithelial Cells =

Squamous
Identifier:Flat
(Blood Vessel)

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Epithelial Cells

Simple Cuboidal

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Epithelial Cells

Columnar

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Epithelia

Stratified Layer

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Epithelia

Psuedostratified

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Epithelia

Transitional

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Epithelia

Microvilli
Made of Microfilaments
Fcn: Increase surface area
covered by protein coat, Glycocalyx
Do not move

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Epithelia

Microvilli -
Microfilaments is in the middle and the round circles are the microvilli

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epithelia

cilia

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Epithelia

Top: Zonula Occulens = Tight Junction = forms a continuous band around cell to fuse neighboring cells to prevent flow of material between cells

Middle : Zonula Adherens = Provides adhesion to neighboring cells

Bottom: Macula Adherens (desmosomes) = Strong cell-to-cell adhesion

Note:
a. Tight Junctions seal epithelium
b. Desmosomes and ZA provides structural support
c. Gap Junctions allow ion exchange between neighboring epithelia

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Epithelia

Gap Junctions

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Epithelia

Gap Junctions

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Epithelia

Infoldings of the Basal membrane = increase surface area

Found in tissues that is subjective to stress...tongue or skin

Foliate Papillae of the tongue

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Epithelia

Basal Lamina
Functions:
physical support
negative charge barrier
differentiation of overlaying cells

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Olfactory Neurons projecting to the brain

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Basal Lamina at the olfactory epithelium

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epithelial cells

Apical pole
lumen/free surface
lateral surface
basal lamina
Basal Pole

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Modifications of the Apical Surface of the Epithelium

Cilia

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Cilia

Pseudostratified Columnar
Back and forth motion to create flow of fluid in one direction
Use ATP as the energy source for movement

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What is the function that this slide is depicting?

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Epithelium

Secretion
The picture is of the Apocrine Secretion

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Erythrocytes
Function:
Carry O2 and CO2
NO nucleus or organelles
Large surface to volume ratio makes for efficient gas exchange

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Sickel cell anemia
mutation of one nucletide in DNA (glutamic acid to valine)

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Neutrophils

Nucleus: multilobulated
Phagocytosis of bacteria
hours to days

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Eosinophils
Nucleus: Bilobed

Phagocytosis; defense against parasites
8-12 days

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Basophils


Nucleus: Irregular Shape
Basophilic granules contain heparin and histamine
Fcn: associated with Allergies

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Monocytes

Nucleus is indented/folded

Source of Macrophage, ingulf and digest bacteria, dead or dying cells

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Platelets
Numerous cytoplasmic organelles
Functions: release clotting factors at injury sites and release serotonin to slow or stop blood flow; vasoconstrict

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Basophil

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Lymphocytes

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Lymphocytes

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Monocytes

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Platelets

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Platelets

Fibrin
Platelets
Erythrocytes

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Neutrophilic Myelocyte

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Hemopoiesis

Red Bone Marrow
Sinusoid capillaries
Adipocytes
Cords of Hemopoietic Cells

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Erythropoiesis
Decrease in ribosomes, basophilia, nuclear volume
Increase in chromatin condensation, hemoglobin

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Erythropoiesis - RBC
Granulopoiesis - Neutrophil, Eosinophil, and Basophil

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Megakaryoblast
Megakaryocyte
Sinusoids