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41 Cards in this Set
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Hernán Cortés |
The conquistador who concurred the Aztec people by use of false diplomacy and an ambush of the leader of the Aztec people. His victory inspired many other conquistadors including the Pizarro brothers. |
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Doña Marina |
Native Princesse also called Malinche who helped Hernan Cortes the conquistador. She travelled with him and was key to gaining the trust and help of the natives. She was at every important meeting Hernan Cortes was at and was the translator for him during his travels, gaining him many native allies. |
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Bernal Diaz del Castillo |
A conquistador who served under Cortés. "We came to serve god and also to get rich." He wrote a detailed account about his time under Cortés titled "The True History of the Conquest of New Spain." |
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Francisco Pizarro |
Conquistador who concurred the Inca with 168 men using native internal division, assassinated by his junior partner, Almagro's, son in Lima. |
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Bartolomé de las Casas |
A Dominican Friar who fought for the rights of the conquered natives of the Americas. He wrote "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indians." Which Spain's enemies found quite convincing. |
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Miguel León Potilla |
A Mexican anthropologist. He wrote "The Grief of the Conquered: "Broken Spears Lie in the Roads" which presented the native account of dramatic confrontations between the natives and the Spaniards told by the victims, including reports by native priests and wise men. |
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Christopher Columbus |
A navigator and native of Italy. He was the man who opened the Americans to outside influence |
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Vice Roy Francisco de Toledo |
A Peruvian vice roy who's quick and unexpected change in crown policy lead to a swift capture of Inca rebel leader Túpac Amaru was so fast that it was widely thought to be an act of deception rather than bravery. |
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Guaman Pomade Ayala |
A native Andean writer who wanted to work within the system created by colonizers to persuade the king to reorder colonial society altogether. He appealed a grievance for his indigenous community and ended up sending a long letter to the king which received no reply. |
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Queen Isabella |
The Queen of Castille who showed great religious intolerance, forcing those in her country to convert to christianity or be exiled from the country entirely. She and her husband King Ferdinand funded Christopher Columbus's historic voyage. |
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Amerigo Vespucci |
The Italian navigator for whom the Americas are named. He explored the northern coast of South America in 1499 and helped claim it for Spain |
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Mansa Musa |
An Muslim African King of Mali who's pilgrimage to Mecca caused the price of gold to drop in Europe for years due to the sheer amount of it he used. He is the cause of explorers venturing into Africa in search of gold. |
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Montezuma |
King of the Aztecs who was murdered by visiting Spanish conquistadors under the guise of diplomats. |
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Juan Santos Atahualpa |
An educated indigenous leader who lead a deadly uprising in 1742. He hoped to uses elements of Catholicism to turn the tables on the people who betrayed his own people. |
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Dr. Alfred Métraux |
An incredibly active anthropologist studying South American Natives. He wrote "The Incas Combined the Most Absolute King of Despotism with the Greatest Tolerance Towards the Social and Political Order of Its Subject Peoples" which is a fairly balanced judgement on the true nature of Inca Rule. |
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King Alfonso I |
The son of King Ferdinand III and king of Castile, Galicia, and Léon. He created the Mesta sheep raisers' guild. |
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Henry the Navigator |
Prince Henry the Navigator helped to spread Portuguese influence to Africa. Due to the push by Henry the Portuguese set up a trading post and started to trade in captives instead of gold. |
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Yasco de Gama |
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. |
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Pedro Álvares Cabral |
A sailor and navigator who found Brazil and claimed it for Spain. |
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Tenochtitlan |
The Capital of Mexica, the Aztec nation. It was destroyed in 1521 |
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Inca |
Natives to the west coast of South America and conquered by Francisco Pizarro. The Inca were a large civilization that fell due to the smallpox epidemic and internal fighting of two heirs |
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Aztec (The Mexica) |
An expansionist nation with an imperial dynasty that originated in the heart of current Mexico. They had a culture of ritualized violence. Due to this and the fear of their neighbors they fell to Spanish Conquistadors in 1521 |
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Reconquest or Reconguista |
The sporadic conflicts between the Christian and Muslim kingdoms in Iberia, started in 711 and ended in 1492 with queen Isabella of Castile exiling non-Christians from Iberia. This set a standard for Spanish conquistadors who wanted nothing more than to emulate famous heroes of the Reconquest such as El Cid al-Sayyid (El Cid the Master) |
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Timbuktu |
A major trade city of the Songhai empire located in western Africa along the Niger river |
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Castilla |
The most aggressive Christian Kingdom that was known for its intolerance of other religions. One of it's most famous people was El Cid al-Sayyid who was know for killing "infidels". Castilla, later renamed Spain, started its colonizing in current Central America. |
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Inquisition |
The period of time where friars and inquisitors flocked to the newly concurred Aztec territory to convert the local population and to root out paganism and idolatry. Though the death sentence was illegal to use among natives torture was still legal and many natives died during torture or took their own lives. |
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The Gold Coast |
A territory in the north eastern part of Africa in present day Ghana. The portugese created a fortified trading hub there. The gold mined from the gold coast was in very high demand, as were slaves to mine said gold. |
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Moors |
Infidels to the Christians, these people controlled large parts of Castilla before being concured |
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Iberian Peninsula |
This peninsula holds modern day Spain and Portugal and was home to the kingdoms of Portugal, Castile, Granada, and Aragon. It was home to Catholics, Muslims and Jews and had many religious battles. |
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Texcoco |
A city state in central Mexico located near Lake Texcoco. The people of Texcoco formed an alliance with Mexica and Tlacopan which marked the birth of the Aztec Empire |
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Tupí |
A native group of of South America that would plant crops as then moved and fought with each other. |
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Toltechs |
A city state people who controlled the territory the Aztecs controlled. |
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Taino |
The native people of Hispaniola and the neighboring islands. Hispaniola was the island that all Spanish settlement was focused on during the first 20 years of contact. |
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Mestizo |
A mix between Spanish settlers and natives, a half-breed. |
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Lisbon |
The capital of Portugal |
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Pueblo |
The Pueblo people lived in northern Mexico and build many stone dwellings and ritual complexes as well as maize agriculture. |
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Encomienda System |
This system allocated native labor and tribute to Spanish settlers and was the system used with many concurred people since there was a ban on native slaves. |
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Line of Tordesillas |
This was a papal grant from Pope Alexander VI that "gave" the Americas to Portugal and Spain |
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Santo Domingo |
The capital of Hispanola after Colombus' failures |
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Columbian Exchange |
The massive transfer of plants, animals and diseases started by Columbus. These transfers were often devastating to the native ecosystem |
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Tlaxcala |
Enemies of the Aztecs who also participated in ritual sacrifice. It was never concurred by the Aztecs but always remained fearful of them until they helped the Spanish destroy them. |
