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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Early Humans:
-types? -how old? -origin? |
homosapians- 200,000 years old.
modern humans- 90,000 years old (originated from Africa) |
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Old Stone Age:
-aka? -time? -5 facts? |
-aka, The Paleolithic Age
-2,500,000-10,000 B.C. -First use of stone tools -Lived in groups in caves or huts |
-Adaptation to environment
-Nomadic hunters and gatherers -Historians believe people of O.S.A. were healthier than the N.S.A., probably due to diseases. |
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New Stone Age:
-aka? -time? -2 facts -Oldest settlements (2)? |
-aka, The Neolithic Age
-10,000-4,000 B.C. (followed last Ice Age) -Agricultural Revolution- planted and domesticated animals (people stopped wandering. They settled and learned how to farm). |
-Communal living (man started altering physical world)
-Oldest Settlements: 1.) Jericho- fortified wall surrounded city (considered oldest community) 2.)Catal Huyuk- larger/later |
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Bronze Age:
-time? -5 hallmarks of civilization? -type of hiarchy +define |
-3,100-1,200 B.C.
1.) Increasing importance of metals. 2.) Communities led to urbanism (continous growth of cities) 3.) Trade led to long-distance travel. |
4.) Development of writing system.
5.) Accelerated social, technologiacal, and industrial development. -social hiarchy- society with leader. |
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Mesopotamian Civilization:
-aka? -territory around which 2 rivers? -6 facts |
-aka, "land between the rivers"; territory around the Tigris+Euphrates Rivers
1.) first real appearance of a civilization;2.) Economy primarily depended on farming;3.) very little rainfall-- irrigation and canals built;4.) spent most of time taming water and farming;5.) no stone, wood, or precious metals--used mudbricks for bulding;6.) large trade network with other territories |
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Early Humans:
-types? -how old? -origin? |
homosapians- 200,000 years old.
modern humans- 90,000 years old (originated from Africa) |
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|
Old Stone Age:
-aka? -time? -5 facts? |
-aka, The Paleolithic Age
-2,500,000-10,000 B.C. -First use of stone tools -Lived in groups in caves or huts |
-Adaptation to environment
-Nomadic hunters and gatherers -Historians believe people of O.S.A. were healthier than the N.S.A., probably due to diseases. |
|
New Stone Age:
-aka? -time? -2 facts -Oldest settlements (2)? |
-aka, The Neolithic Age
-10,000-4,000 B.C. (followed last Ice Age) -Agricultural Revolution- planted and domesticated animals (people stopped wandering. They settled and learned how to farm). |
-Communal living (man started altering physical world)
-Oldest Settlements: 1.) Jericho- fortified wall surrounded city (considered oldest community) 2.)Catal Huyuk- larger/later |
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Bronze Age:
-time? -5 hallmarks of civilization? -type of hiarchy +define |
-3,100-1,200 B.C.
1.) Increasing importance of metals. 2.) Communities led to urbanism (continous growth of cities) 3.) Trade led to long-distance travel. |
4.) Development of writing system.
5.) Accelerated social, technologiacal, and industrial development. -social hiarchy- society with leader. |
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Mesopotamian Civilization:
-aka? -territory around which 2 rivers? -6 facts |
-aka, "land between the rivers"; territory around the Tigris+Euphrates Rivers
1.) first real appearance of a civilization;2.) Economy primarily depended on farming;3.) very little rainfall-- irrigation and canals built;4.) spent most of time taming water and farming;5.) no stone, wood, or precious metals--used mudbricks for bulding;6.) large trade network with other territories |
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Early Humans:
-types? -how old? -origin? |
homosapians- 200,000 years old.
modern humans- 90,000 years old (originated from Africa) |
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|
Old Stone Age:
-aka? -time? -5 facts? |
-aka, The Paleolithic Age
-2,500,000-10,000 B.C. -First use of stone tools -Lived in groups in caves or huts |
-Adaptation to environment
-Nomadic hunters and gatherers -Historians believe people of O.S.A. were healthier than the N.S.A., probably due to diseases. |
|
New Stone Age:
-aka? -time? -2 facts -Oldest settlements (2)? |
-aka, The Neolithic Age
-10,000-4,000 B.C. (followed last Ice Age) -Agricultural Revolution- planted and domesticated animals (people stopped wandering. They settled and learned how to farm). |
-Communal living (man started altering physical world)
-Oldest Settlements: 1.) Jericho- fortified wall surrounded city (considered oldest community) 2.)Catal Huyuk- larger/later |
|
Bronze Age:
-time? -5 hallmarks of civilization? -type of hiarchy +define |
-3,100-1,200 B.C.
1.) Increasing importance of metals. 2.) Communities led to urbanism (continous growth of cities) 3.) Trade led to long-distance travel. |
4.) Development of writing system.
5.) Accelerated social, technologiacal, and industrial development. -social hiarchy- society with leader. |
|
Mesopotamian Civilization:
-aka? -territory around which 2 rivers? -6 facts |
-aka, "land between the rivers"; territory around the Tigris+Euphrates Rivers
1.) first real appearance of a civilization;2.) Economy primarily depended on farming;3.) very little rainfall-- irrigation and canals built;4.) spent most of time taming water and farming;5.) no stone, wood, or precious metals--used mudbricks for bulding;6.) large trade network with other territories |
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Mesopotamia:Sumerians:
-lived where? -language? -name of their written language? -5 other facts |
-Lived in Sumer (where rivers emptied in2 Persian Gulf)
-Language: Sumerian -Produced written language called cuneiform. |
1.)First inhabitants of Southern Mesopotamia;2.) Developed # system based on 60; 3.)Wrote "Epic of Gilgamesh" ;4.) Have a written history; 5.) Later developed the wheel, plow, oar, and monarchy (one single person in charge)
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Mesopotamia: Sumerians-Ziggurats:
-what is a ziggurat, who could enter, and what center did it serve for? -define theocracy -religion? -5 facts |
-Temples built for gods to inhabit; served as physical and political center (priests only).;Theocracy- cities ruled by priests.
-religion: polythiestic (many gods) |
1.)Temples owned land/herads (wealthy);2.) At 1st theocracy;3.) gods ruled cities- then power went from gods to kings; 4.)people looked up to priests for all answers to everything;5.)Mesopotamians DID NOT WORK for an afterlife, but WORKED hard for gods of the earth and sky.
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Mesopotamia:Sumerians-Political Organization:
-4 facts -define Semitic |
-city-states grew and developed independently (Ur and Babylon)
-Area had no natural barriers and they were always open to outside attack. -Controlled by various rulers who tried to unify area. -Semetic peoples (northern territory) later grew and took over territories of Sumerians. |
-Semitic- speaking a language related to Hebrew and Arabic.
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Ancient Near East: Heirs of Mesopotamia:
-1 ruler -Dynasties or Ur |
1.) 2350 B.C.: early unifier, Sargon I (Akkadians), 1st empire in history; empire lasted 200 years- fell to outside attacks
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2.) 2125 B.C. rulers arose in Ur, built on remnants of Akkadian empire; Sumerian culture flourished under the Dynasties of Ur; after fall of 3rd Dynasty of Ur the Sumerian peoples gradually began to lose their identity- blended in- however their written language survived for scholarly people and was still used 17 centuries later.
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Ancient Near East: Amorites:
-8 facts |
-Amorites ruled after Dynasties of Ur.
-High point was the reign of Hammurabi. -Reign: 1792-1750-known for Collection of Laws. |
-He created empire including most of Mesopotamia.
- His famous Code of Hammurabi, shows society divided by social classes (nobles, commoners, slaves.) -Laws based on "eye for an eye- tooth for a tooth." -False testimony punishable by death. -empire fell from outside attacks by Hittites, 1600 B.C. |
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Anchient Near East: Assyrians:
-location -what is their reputation? -religion -kings |
1.) located in upper Tigris.
2.) Earned reputation for their cruelty. 3.)Assyrians had one national god: Ashur and then local gods were worshipped. |
1.) Later Assyrian king force Hebrews into exhile in Babylon.
2.) Ruler Ashurbanipal, 700 B.C. (created massive library at Ninevah), he was the last great Assyrian ruler-30,000 clay tablets survived providing wealth of information. |
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Anchient Near East: Assyrians:
-describe their army -who overran them? -3 facts |
-developed strong and well organized armies
-1st to use iron weapons, damned rivers to Babylon, used chariots, and fought brutally to the end (torture and destruction). -Seige warfare: laid total waste to land, destroyed food. -Rulers had absolute authority and well organized precincts- they had an extensive intelligence network and very advanced communication system. |
-Assyrians overrun by Nebuchadnezzar (Chaldeans)
1.) Semitic speaking people who had lived under other's rule. 2.) At one time, just plundered but now sought to conquer territories with a vengeance. 3.) Assyrians created the largest empire to date. |
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Anchient Near East: Babylonians (Chaldeans):
-king (5 facts) |
1.) Nebuchadnezzer-reigned in 605 B.C., he was a succesful warrior and king.
2.) He took over Jerusalem and entire population prisoners. |
3.) Built the famous Hanging Gardens- outlasted the Chaldeans.
4.) Made Baylon into a magnificent city (temples, palaces, monuments) and Babylon became center of world trade. 5.) Later empire became unstable and it passed through numbers of rulers. |
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Ancient Egypt: Egyptian Civilization:
-time -7 facts |
-4,000-1,750 B.C.
1.)Civilization based on the Nile River. 2.)Nile is uniqe-longest-miracle is annual flooding after harvest of crops. 3.)Nile served as major waterway; Nile divided Egypt into Upper and Lower Egypt. |
4.)Egypt-long and narrow- city states tied together by nile.
5.)Much stability, plitically, and security-natural barriers. 6.)3,000 year period divided into 3 kingdoms (31 dynasties) 7.) Intermediate periods-instability- no cohesive pharoahs. |
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Ancient Egypt: Old Kingdom:
-Who found it? -5 facts |
- founded by Menes.
1.) Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt. 2.) Period characterized by prosperity and stability. 3.) He established a capital a Memphis. |
4.) Art, literature, medicine, architecture, and engineering flourished.
5.) Trade with other areas grew tremendously. |
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Ancient Egypt: Pharoahs:
-5 facts |
1.) Pharaohs were god-kings (absolute power)
2.) Descendent of sun god "Ra" (Re) 3.) Master of "Great House" |
4.)He built temples in return for gods' watchful care of state-sought to maintain equalibrium for universe.
5.) Elaborate government of royal officials helped him rule. |
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Ancient Egypt: Pyramids:
-6 facts -What period followed the Old Kingdom? |
1.) built in Old Kingdom to represent royal power many complex structures built in Upper Egypt.
2.) Stepped pyramids led to true pyramids-ramp to heaven. 3.) 1st step pyramid- King Zoser. 4.) Pyramids represent vast resources (labor and wealth) and remarkable technical skill. |
5.) Most took 15-20 years to complete.
6.) Built by slave labor and paid workers. 7.) First Intermediate Period followed Old Kingdom; weak kings- disorder and decentralization. |
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Ancient Egypt: Middle Kingdom:
-5 facts |
King Amuneemhet I (Mentuhotep) united north and south and restored peace.
2.) Thebes became the capital. 3.) Promoted people based on merits. |
4.) 1st democratic king.
5.) Hyksos- group of people with horses and chariots from Western Asia; conquered the Egyptians. |