Hesi A2 Grammar

Front 1

Important Parts of Speech

Back 1

1. Nouns

2. Pronouns

3. Adjectives

4. Verbs

5. Adverbs

6. Prepositions

7. Conjunctions

8. Interjections

Front 2

Noun

Back 2

A word or group of words that names a person, place, thing, or idea

Front 3

Types of Nouns

Back 3

1. Common

2. Proper

3. Abstract

4. Collective

Front 4

Common Noun

Back 4

The general, not he particular, name of a person, place, or thing

Front 5

Common Noun Example

Back 5

Nurse, Hospital, Syringe

Front 6

Proper Noun

Back 6

The official name of a person, place, or thing

Front 7

Proper Noun Example

Back 7

Fred, Paris, Washington

Front 8

Abstract Noun

Back 8

The name of a quality or a general idea

Front 9

Abstract Noun Example

Back 9

Persistence, Democracy

Front 10

Collective Noun

Back 10

Represents a group of persons, animals, or things

Front 11

Collective Noun Example

Back 11

Family, Flock, Furniture

Front 12

Pronoun

Back 12

A word that takes the place of a noun, or a group of words acting as a noun

Front 13

Types of Pronouns

Back 13

1. Personal

2. Possessive

Front 14

Antecedent

Back 14

The word or group of words to which a pronoun refers

Front 15

Find the antecedent in the following sentence:

The students wanted their test papers graded.

Back 15

Students

Front 16

Find the pronoun in the following sentence:

The students wanted their test papers graded.

Back 16

Their

Front 17

Personal Pronoun

Back 17

Refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea by indicating the person speaking (1st person), the person or people spoken to (2nd person), or any other person, place, thing, or idea being talked about (3rd person)

Front 18

Possessive Pronoun

Back 18

A form of a personal pronoun that shows possession or ownership; does not contain an apostrophe

Front 19

Possessive Pronoun Example

Back 19

My, Mine, His

Front 20

Adjective

Back 20

A word, phrase, or clause that modifies a noun or pronoun; usually proceeds the noun or noun phrase

Front 21

Adjective answers the question:

What ... ?

Which ... ?

How ... ?

How ... ?

Back 21

Kind

One

Many

Much

Front 22

Participle

Back 22

A type of verb form that functions as an adjective, usually ending in -ing or -ed

Front 23

Verb

Back 23

A word or phrase that is used to express an action or a state of being

Front 24

Tense

Back 24

Expressing time through a property

Front 25

Types of Primary Tenses

Back 25

1. Present

2. Past

3. Future

Front 26

Linking Verbs

Back 26

Verbs that link, or join, the subject of a sentence to a noun, pronoun, or predicate adjective; does not show action; sometimes relates to the five senses, sometimes reflects a state of being (appear, seam, become, grow, turn, prove, remain)

Front 27

What is the most commonly used Linking Verb?

Back 27

"To be"

Front 28

Preposition

Back 28

A word that shoes the relationship of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence

Front 29

Compound Preposition

Back 29

A preposition that is made up of more than one word

Front 30

Prepositional Phrase

Back 30

A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun

Front 31

Find the prepositional phrase in the following sentence:

Sam left the classroom at noon.

Back 31

At noon

Front 32

Find the prepositional phrase in the following sentence:

The students learned the basics of grammar.

Back 32

Of grammar

Front 33

Conjunction

Back 33

A word that joins words, phrases, or clauses

Front 34

Types of Conjunctions

Back 34

1. Coordinating

2. Correlative

3. Subordinating

Front 35

Coordinating Conjunctions

Back 35

And, But, Or, So, Nor, For, and Yet

Front 36

Find the coordinating conjunction in the following sentence:

The nurse asked to work the early shift, but her request was denied.

Back 36

But

Front 37

Correlative Conjunction

Back 37

Work in pairs to join words or phrases

Front 38

Examples of Correlative Conjunctions

Back 38

1. Neither, Nor

2. Either, Or

Front 39

Subordinating Conjunctions

Back 39

Join two clauses or thoughts

Front 40

Find the subordinating conjunction in the following sentence:

While the nurse was away on vacation, the hospital flooded.

Back 40

While

Front 41

Interjection

Back 41

A word or phrase that expresses emotion or exclamation

Front 42

Example of an Interjection.

Back 42

Yikes, Whew

Front 43

Important Terms to Understand

Back 43

1. Clause

2. Direct Object

3. Indirect Object

4. Phrase

5. Predicate

6. Predicate Adjective

7. Predicate Nominative

8. Sentence

9. Subject

Front 44

Clause

Back 44

A group of words that has a subject and a predicate

Front 45

Types of Clauses

Back 45

1. Independent

2. Dependent

Front 46

Independent Clause

Back 46

Expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence

Front 47

Dependent Clause

Back 47

Begins with a subordinating conjunction and does not express a complete thought and therefore cannot stand alone as a sentence

Front 48

Direct Object

Back 48

The person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb; answers the question "what" or "whom" after a transitive verb

Front 49

Find the direct object in the following sentence:

The students watched the professor distribute the exams.

Back 49

The professor

Front 50

Indirect Object

Back 50

The person or thing that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb; answers the question "to whom," "for whom," "to what," or "for what" after an action verb; comes between the verb and the direct object

Front 51

Phrase

Back 51

A group of two or more words that acts as a single part of speech in a sentence; can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb; lacks a subject and a predicate

Front 52

Predicate

Back 52

The part of a sentence that tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject; includes the verb and all the words that modify the word

Front 53

Predicate Adjective

Back 53

Follows a linking verb and helps to explain the subject

Front 54

Find the predicate adjective in the following sentence:

My professors are wonderful.

Back 54

Wonderful

Front 55

Predicate Nominative

Back 55

A noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and helps to explain or rename the subject

Front 56

Find the predicate nominative in the following sentence:

The professors are teachers.

Back 56

Teachers

Front 57

Sentence

Back 57

A group of words that expresses a complete thought; always has a subject and a predicate

Front 58

Types of Sentences

Back 58

1. Declarative

2. Interrogative

3. Imperative

4. Exclamatory

Front 59

Declarative Sentence

Back 59

Makes a statement; "I went to the store."

Front 60

Interrogative Sentence

Back 60

Asks a question; "Did you go to the store?"

Front 61

Imperative Sentence

Back 61

Makes a command or request; "Go to the store."

Front 62

Exclamatory Sentence

Back 62

Makes an exclamation; "You went to the store!"

Front 63

Subject

Back 63

A word, phrase, or clause that names whom or what the sentence is about

Front 64

Compound Sentence

Back 64

A sentence that has two or more independent clauses, usually joined by a coordinating conjunction

Front 65

Run-on Sentence

Back 65

Occurs when two or more complete sentences are written as though they were one sentence

Front 66

Comma Splice

Back 66

A run-on sentence that occurs when two independent clauses are joined by only a comma; can be solved by either replacing the comma with a dash, a semicolon, or a colon or by adding a coordinating conjunction, or by making two separate sentences

Front 67

Case

Back 67

Refers to the form of a noun or pronoun that indicates its relation to the other words in the sentence

Front 68

Types of Cases

Back 68

1. Nominative

2. Objective

3. Possessive

Front 69

Examples of Possessive Pronouns

Back 69

1. Its (belonging to it)

2. Their (belonging to them)

3. Whose (belonging to whom)

4. Your (belonging to you)

Front 70

Sentence Fragments

Back 70

Incomplete sentences

Front 71

Misplaced Modifiers

Back 71

Words or groups of words that are not located properly in relation to the words they modify

Front 72

Participle Phrase

Back 72

A phrase that is formed by a participle, its object, and the object's modifiers; the phrase functions as an adjective; modifies the noun that either directly precedes or directly follows the phrase

Front 73

Dangling Participle Phrase

Back 73

When the participle phrase directly precedes or directly follows a noun that it does not modify

Front 74

Clichés

Back 74

Expressions or ideas that have lose their originality or impact over time because of excessive use

Front 75

Euphemism

Back 75

A mild, indirect, or vague term that has been substituted for one that is considered harsh, blunt, or offensive

Front 76

Sexist Language

Back 76

Refers to spoken or written styles that do not satisfactorily reflect the presence of women in our society

Front 77

Affect

Back 77

Normally used as a verb that means "to influence or to change"

Front 78

Effect

Back 78

May be used as a noun or verb; noun - it means "result" or "outcome"; verb - it means "to bring about or accomplish"

Front 79

Among

Back 79

Used to show a relationship involving more than two persons or things being considered as a group

Front 80

Between

Back 80

Used to show a relationship involving two persons or things, to compare one person or thing with an entire group, or to compare more than two tings in a group if each is considered individually

Front 81

Amount

Back 81

Used when referring to things in bulk

Front 82

Number

Back 82

Used when referring to individual, countable units

Front 83

Good

Back 83

An adjective; use before nouns and after linking verbs to modify the subject

Front 84

Well

Back 84

Usually an adverb

Front 85

Bad

Back 85

Use as an adjective before nouns and after linking verbs to modify the subject

Front 86

Badly

Back 86

Use as an adverb to modify an action verb

Front 87

Bring

Back 87

Conveys action toward the speaker - to carry from a distant place to a near place

Front 88

Take

Back 88

Conveys action away from the speaker - to carry from a near place to a distant place

Front 89

"Can" and "Could"

Back 89

Imply ability or power

Front 90

"May" or "Might"

Back 90

Imply permission or possibility

Front 91

Farther

Back 91

Refers to a measurable distance

Front 92

Further

Back 92

Refers to a figurative distance and means "to a greater degree" or "to a greater extent"

Front 93

Fewer

Back 93

Refers to number - things that can be counted or numbered - and is used within plural nouns

Front 94

Less

Back 94

Refers to degree or amount - things in bulk or in the abstract - and is sued within singular nouns; also used when referring to numeric or statistical terms

Front 95

i.e.

Back 95

Means "that is"; specifies or explains

Front 96

e.g.

Back 96

Means "for example"; gives an example

Front 97

Lie

Back 97

"To recline or rest"

Front 98

Principle parts of the verb "lie" include:

Back 98

1. Lie

2. Lay

3. Lain

4. Lying

Front 99

Lay

Back 99

Means "to put or place"

Front 100

Principle parts of the verb "lay" include:

Back 100

1. Lay

2. Laid

3. Laid

4. Laying

Front 101

Which

Back 101

Used to introduce nonessential clauses; providing more information

Front 102

That

Back 102

Used to introduce essential clauses; distinguishes

Front 103

Nonessential Clause

Back 103

Adds information to the sentence but is not necessary to make the meaning of the sentence clear

Front 104

Essential Clause

Back 104

Adds information to the sentence that is needed to make the sentence clear; does not use commas

Front 105

"Who" and "Whom"

Back 105

Serve as interrogative pronouns and relative pronouns

Front 106

Interrogative Pronoun

Back 106

One that is used to form questions

Front 107

Relative Pronoun

Back 107

One that relates groups of words to nouns or other pronouns

Front 108

Who

Back 108

The nominative case; use for subjects and predicate nominateives

Front 109

Whom

Back 109

The objective case; use for direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of the prepositions