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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Paratid Glad enlargement
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Gland enlarges w/ mumps
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palpebral fissure
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measurement btwn lower & upper lid when eye is open
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conductive hearing loss
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mechanical problem - can hear something, ex fluid or wax buildup
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sensorineuro hearing loss
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nerve damage to ear, total hearing loss
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pathways of hearing
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air & bone
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age related changes to face/head/neck
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facial bones more prominent - skin loses elasticity, wrinkles & sags - skin is dry
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age related changes to eyes
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less tears, lipid deposits, eyelid deformity, less lens elasticity, cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration
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arcus senilis
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gray white arch around cornea
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ectropion
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eyelid deformity - lower eyelid rolls out
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xanthelasma
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raised yellow plaques occur on eyelids
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ptosis
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lid droop
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pseudoptosis
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an abnormally small palpebral fissure
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ptosis caused by
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neuromuscular weakness, cranial nerve III damage, sympathetic nerve damage
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presbyopia
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loss of near sight with age
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what's happening with presbyopia
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decrease elasticity of lens = loss of focus, nerve degenerates, difficult to see objects close
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cataracts
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due to lens obacity, eye appears cloudy, vision blurred, sensitive to light & glare
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glaucoma
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loss of peripheral vision due to increased intraocular pressure - person compensates by turning whole body
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macular degeneration
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loss of central vision due to retinal damage, most common cause of blindness
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age related changes w/ ears
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less stiff cilia - more cerumen - hearing loss - increased auditory reaction time
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presbycusis
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irreversible hearing loss caused by inner ear nerve degeneration - gradual, progressive hearing loss - harder to hear high frequency
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cerumen & hearing loss
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common cause of reversible hearing loss
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age related nose/mouth/throat
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nasal hair stiffen - decreased sense of smell - decreased taste buds - decreased saliva - atrophy leading to ulcerations
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xerostomia
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dry mouth
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loss of conciousness causes fall
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seisure, decreased BP, cardiovasular cause ... arrythmias
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headache pain wakes up at night
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increased cerebral pressure
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subjective data face/head/neck
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headaches - head injuries - dizziness - neck pain or limited ROM - lumps or swelling - alopecia - PMH
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subjective data eyes
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vision changes - pain - redness, swelling - irritation, discharge - ovular history - glasses, contacts - eye exam - medications
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strabismus
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"cross eyed" - eyes don't line up in same direction when focusing
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diplopia
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double vision
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otalagia
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ear pain
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subjective data ears
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earaches - infections - discharge (color & odor) - hearing loss - tinnitus - environmental noise - vertigo - hearing exam
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vertigo - subjective
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vertigo when feels like person spinning
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vertigo - objective
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vertigo when feels like room is spinning
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when is tinnitus worst
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at nite when trying to sleep
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how to ask about headaches
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Have you experienced any unusually frequent or unusually severe headaches?
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hearing loss risk factors
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genetic - smoking - environmental - meds ... aspirin - age
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subjective data nose
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congestion - discharge - frequent colds - sinus pain - allergies - altered smell - epistaxis
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epistaxis
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bloody nose
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cause of epistaxis
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trauma to nose, vigorous nose blowing, object up nose, tumor
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2 types of allergies
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seasonal & perrenial (dust mites)
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subjective data mouth & throat
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sores or lesions - sore throat - bleeding gums/ toothaches - dsyphagia - hoarseness - altered taste - smoking/ ETOH - dental care
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dysphagia
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trouble swallowing
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examination of face/ neck/ head
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inspect & palpate
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normocephalic
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round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size
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neck lymph nodes
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preauricular, posterior auricular, occipital, submental, submandibular, jugulodigastric, superficial cervical, deep cervical chain, posterior cervical, supraclavicular
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lymphathalopathy
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enlarged lymph nodes
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when cancer lymph nodes feel like
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hard, fixed, not tender
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cartilage in throat
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high - hyoid bone ---- thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) ---- lowest cricoid cartilage
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Thyroid conditions
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goiter - iodine deficiency or over active thyroid
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acromegaly
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enlarged skull w/ thickened bones due to over secretion of growth hormone after puberty ---- enlarged face, prominate nose & jaw
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Snellen
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test for visual acuity
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20/ 30
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when standing at 20' see what normal person can see at 30'
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20/ 200 vs 20/ 40
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> denominator worse vision
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Jaeger
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test for presbyopia, hold card at 14"
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visual confrontation
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checking for peripheral vision
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Corneal Light Reflex
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assessing parrallel alignment of eye axis ---- (+) see light reflect in eye at same location
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Cover Test
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detects small degree of deviated alignment of eye axis - use when corneal light reflex is abnormal ----- cover R eye - L eye moves inward to take over vision ---- remove cover & eye drifts back
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Diagnostic Positions Test
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assessing for muscle weakness during movement & cranial nerves III, IV & VI ..... using 6 cardinal positions ..... looking for eyes to track in parrallel
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exophthalmos
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eyes bulging
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Places to look for jaundice
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sclera & upper palate
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pupil size --- normal
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3-5mm
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anisocoria
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unequal pupil size
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miosis
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constricted pupils
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mydriasis
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dilated pupils
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ptosis ... which cranial nerve damaged?
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cranial nerve III shows up as ....
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eyes - direct & consentual
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shine light in 1 other eye responds in same way
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visual accommodation
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eye adjusts & is able to focus at various changing distances
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diplopia
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double vision
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strabismus
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cross eyed - eyes do not line up in same direction when focusing
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otitis externa
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infection of outer ear ... swimmer's ear ... edema & erethemia of pinna and channel
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Weber test
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place tuning fork on top of head ... vibration should be the same in both ears ... conductive loss sound lateralizes to bad ear ... sensoral loss sound lateralizes to good ear
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Rinne Test
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compairing AC & BC normal AC > BC .... conducitve loss get AC & BC equal or BC > AC .... senoral loss get sound reduced overall but same ration of AC > BC
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normal nasal mucosa
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very vascular to pink in color, smooth moist surface
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rhinutus
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inflammation & mucosa bright red & swollen
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nasal mucosa chronic allergy
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swollen + pale & gray
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rhinorrhea
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runny nose
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cheilitis
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cracking fissures @ mouth due to excessive salivation + possible candida infection
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cause bright cherry red lips
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CO poisoning, acidosis, ketoacidosis
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nystagmus
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involuntary eye movement
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