Heavy Metal

Front 1

The electric resistance is _____ to the absolute temperature

Back 1

The electric resistance is directly proportional to the absolute temperature

Front 2

Halfmetals/metalloids:
__, __, __, __, __ have low electric conductivity, which increases with a rise in temperature

Back 2

Halfmetals/metalloids: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium have low electric conductivity, which increases with a rise in temperature

Front 3

Halfmetals/metalloids: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium have _____ electric conductivity, which ____ with a rise in temperature

Back 3

Halfmetals/metalloids: Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic and tellurium have low electric conductivity, which increases with a rise in temperature

Front 4

Non-metals have some properties of metal: Examples are _____ _____ and ______

Back 4

Non-metals have some properties of metal: Examples are conductive polymers and graphite

Front 5

Conductive polymers and graphite have some properties of metal: (1) ______, (2) __________

Back 5

Conductive polymers and graphite have some properties of metal: Solid, Conductive, Not Metal

Front 6

Graphite can conduct electrity due to __

Back 6

Graphite can conduct electrity due to the vast electron delocalization within the carbon layers

Front 7

Mechanical property of graphite is ____.

Back 7

Mechanical property of graphite is weak.

Front 8

Conductive polyers are _______ that can conduct electricity

Back 8

Conductive polyers are organics that can conduct electricity. (Organic compounds are normally NOT conductive)

Front 9

The properties of conductive polymers can be designed according to requirement by ____ _____ ____

Back 9

The properties of conductive polymers can be designed according to requirement by organic synthesis techniques

Front 10

Electrons in the functional groups ( ____ structured) can transfer from one place to another, thus causing the conductivity

Back 10

Electrons in the functional groups ( ring structured) can transfer from one place to another, thus causing the conductivity

Front 11

Applications of conductive polymers include ___ and ___

Back 11

Applications of conductive polymers include commercial displays and batteries

Front 12

How to draw polyacetylen

Back 12

Refer to notes L1P3

Front 13

Plyaromatic Conductive Polymer [Conjugative system, e.g. _____ (chemical formula) ]

Back 13

Plyaromatic Conductive Polymer [Conjugative system, e.g. C=C-C=C-C ]

Front 14

____________ _____________ ___________ [Conjugative system, e.g. C=C-C=C-C ]

Back 14

Plyaromatic Conductive Polymer [Conjugative system, e.g. C=C-C=C-C ]

Front 15

Metal wastewater is _____, ______ and then _____

Back 15

Metal wastewater is precipitated, settled and then dischaged

Front 16

One of the worst industrial disasters in history was caused by _________ of __________ ________ into Minamate Bay, Japan

Back 16

One of the worst industrial disasters in history was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds into Minamata Bay,

Front 17

Minamata disease: It is estimated over 3______ people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease

Back 17

Minamata disease: It is estimated over 3000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease

Front 18

Arsenic pollution:
2006: [As] must be below ___ ppb in drinking water

Back 18

Arsenic pollution:
2006: [As] must be below 10 ppb in drinking water

Front 19

Arsenic pollution:
Treatment: ____ ____, _____ _____,____ _____ ________

Back 19

Arsenic pollution:
Treatment: Iron oxides, ion exchange, adsorption, membrane technologies

Front 20

Hazards associated with _____ ____ are due to its heavy metal toxicity rather than its radioactivity

Back 20

Hazards associated with depleted uranium are due to its heavy metal toxicity rather than its radioactivity

Front 21

Hazards associated with DU are due to _________

Back 21

Hazards associated with depleted uranium are due to its heavy metal toxicity rather than its radioactivity

Front 22

_______ ___ ________ are in danger of _______ and _______ airbone DU particles and can experience wound contamination by DU-contained compounds

Back 22

Soldiers in battles are in danger of ingesting and inhaling airbone DU particles and can experience wound contamination by DU-contained compounds

Front 23

______ transport, ______ transport and ________ transport are the dominant mechanisms of environmental transport of uranium

Back 23

Airbone transport, aqueous transport and biological transport are the dominant mechanisms of environmental transport of uranium

Front 24

DU can significantly adverse health effects, notably ____ and other forms of ____

Back 24

DU can significantly adverse health effects, notably leukeamia and other forms of cancer

Front 25

Yuh-Shan Ho and Mohammad I. El Khaiary had studied papers published in the area of heavy metals and reported the finding in "_____ ____ ____ IN ____ ___" of the book of "____ ______ in the ______" by CRC 2009

Back 25

Yuh-Shan Ho and Mohammad I. El Khaiary had studied papers published in the area of heavy metals and reported the finding in "HEAVY METAL TRANDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FIELD" of the book of "Heavy metal in the environment" by CRC 2009

Front 26

The ___, owning a larger research tradition in this field, had the absolute ascendary of production

Back 26

The G7, owning a larger research tradition in this field, had the absolute ascendary of production

Front 27

The most frequently used keywords used in research were _____, ____ and ____

Back 27

The most frequently used keywords used in research were cadmium, copper and lead

Front 28

Among the metal removal methods were investigated, ______ was the most frequent and still rising. Other significant methods of removal in metal research are ____ and ____

Back 28

Among the metal removal methods were investigated, adsorption was the most frequent and still rising. Other significant methods of removal in the metal research are oxidation and reduction

Front 29

Where do the metals come from:
1. From _____
2. From the _________
- In forms of __ ___
- via ___-____ ______

Back 29

Where do the metals come from:
1. From sky (very rare)
2. From the earth/ground
- In forms of raw materials, i.e. oil, coals and ores
- via man-made processes

Front 30

Heavy metals employed in major organic chemicals, petrochemicals industries: __, __, __, __, __, __, ___

Back 30

Heavy metals employed in major organic chemicals, petrochemicals industries: Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sn, Zn

Front 31

Heavy metals employed in major fertilizers industry: __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __

Back 31

Heavy metals employed in major fertilizers industry:
1. Cd,
2. Cr
3. Cu
4. Fe
5. Hg
6. Mn
7. Pb
8, Ni
10. Zn

Front 32

Heavy metals employed in major petroleum refining industry:
_, _, _, _, _, _, _

Back 32

Heavy metals employed in major petroleum refining:
1. Cd
2. Cr
3. Cu
4. Fe
5. Pb
6. Ni
7. Zn

Front 33

Two types of philosophy in decontamination
1. __ __ ___
2. ___ ___

Back 33

Two types of philosophy in decontamination
1. End of pipe
2. Pollution prevention

Front 34

End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream:
Higher/Lower metal concentration?

Back 34

End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream:
Lower metal concentration due to dilution caused by non-metal contained wastewater

Front 35

End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream:
Lower metal concentration due to _______ caused by _______

Back 35

End of pipe system:
Characters of the wastewater stream:
Lower metal concentration due to _______ caused by _______

Front 36

Advantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1.
2.
3.

Back 36

Advantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1. Easy in construction and operation of treatment system
2. More cost-effective in removal/recovery of metals as the metal waste generated unit has higher metal concentration
3. The bio-treatment would not have metal toxicity problems

Front 37

Disadvantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1.
2.
3.

Back 37

Disadvantages of "End-of-Pipe Systems"
1. Difficult in removal/recovery of metals due to lower metal concentration
2. Effluent containing toxic metals would cause toxicity in bio-treatment
3. Relatively costly as existing treatment systems will have to be changed or new system will be added

Front 38

Sustainability is
/ \
?? / \ ??
/_____\
??

Back 38

Sustainability is
/ \
Society / \ Economy
/_____\
Environment

Front 39

3 Basic Principles of Environmental Pollution
1.
2.
3.

Back 39

3 Basic Principles of Environmental Pollution
1. Pollution from human activities is unavoidable
2. Prevent pollution whenever possible
3. Minimal pollution is acceptable