Health Care Ethics Midterm

Front 1

Define relativism and why inappropriate in health care ethics.

Back 1

The belief that nothing is right or wrong without considering the culture and social context.

Front 2

Define Nihilism and why inappropriate in health care ethics.

Back 2

The belief that there are no moral truths, no moral facts, no moral knowledge or responsibilities.

Front 3

Define hedonism and why inappropriate in health care ethics.

Back 3

the belief that all people have the right to do everything in their power to achieve the greatest amount of pleasure possible to them.

Front 4

Purpose of Standpoint theory

Back 4

helps avoid the problems of self-interest in deciding ethical issues.put yourself in the position of the most vulnerable person.

Front 5

Etiquette

Back 5

courteous or rude?

Front 6

Ethics

Back 6

Morality or Immorality?

Front 7

Legality

Back 7

Illegal or Legal?

Front 8

Piaget's four stages of moral development.

Back 8

1. Amoral Phase: < 2 yrs - self centered
2. Egocentric Stage: 2-7 yrs - no rules exist
3. Heteronomous Stage: 7-12 yrs - rules are serious
4. Moral Relativism: 12< - Autonomous phase.

Front 9

Why was Codes of Conduct created?

Back 9

to provide guidance in carrying out daily activities within ethical and legal standards.

Front 10

Morris Massey's Theory

Back 10

We are programmed by events that occurred around us as we were growing up.

Front 11

Massey's 4 general value cohorts

Back 11

1. Traditionalists- everyone in their own place
2. In-Betweeners - between conformity and experimentation
3. Challengers - individuality above team
4. Synthesizers - system both problem and solution

Front 12

What can be learned from MAssey's cohorts?

Back 12

most in the society will be shaped and programmed by the value-molding forces around them.

Front 13

Utilitarianism

Back 13

-actions are judged based on the consequences they bring.
-an action is right if it brings more happiness than unhapp.

Front 14

Kantian Ethics

Back 14

actions are based on the duty of the person to the moral law.
People have a duty to do the right thing, even if it produces a bad result.

Front 15

Virtue Ethics

Back 15

A right act is the action a virtuous person would do in the same circumstances.

Front 16

Divine Command

Back 16

morality is somehow dependent upon God, and that moral obligation consists in obedience to God’s commands.
An example is the prohibition on adultery, that dictates that one be faithful to ones spouse.

Front 17

Difference between act and rule utilitarianism

Back 17

act utilitarianism, the principle is applied directly to the selection of particular actions under particular circumstances.
rule is a set of rules, which are in turn used to determine what to do in particular situations.

Front 18

Bentham method/pain and pleasure

Back 18

7 questions that rate the level of pain and pleasure.

Front 19

Categorical imperative (Kantian Ethics) and example

Back 19

a 'categorical imperative' is a rule that is true in all circumstances.
ex. Should i break a promise?

Front 20

Treat person as an end not a means

Back 20

If you are treating a human being as a means, you are using this human being to fulfill some of your own desires.
To use them as an end means that actions are meant to improve humans. Actions to help humans, not humans as actions.

Front 21

Why is Habit and practice very important to virtue ethics?

Back 21

habit and practice, build character! a virtuous person has good characteristics through habit and practice.

Front 22

What is the "mean" in regards to virtue ethics

Back 22

it's more like an intermediate.
example: Bravery is the mean or intermediate between cowardliness and rashness.