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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
12 Cranial Nerves |
1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibulochoclear 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglossal OH OH OH TO TOUCH AND FEEL A VIRGIN GIRLS VALLEY AND HILLS |
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Olfactory Nerve |
test sense of SMELL |
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Optic Nerve |
test VISUAL acuity |
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Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens |
check PUPILS and extraocular movements |
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Nystagmus |
back and forth oscillation of the eyes |
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Trigeminal Nerve |
assess muscles of mastication and light touch sensation on face with a cotton ball |
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Facial Nerve |
facial symmetry when smiling and frowning |
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Acoustic Vestibulocochlear Nerve |
test HEARING |
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Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerve |
depress tongue with blade and patient says "ahh", note uvula and soft palate rise in midline |
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Spinal Accessory Nerve |
test MUSCLE strength, equal size, and resistance |
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Hypoglossal Nerve |
inspect TONGUE |
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CNS |
includes brain and spinal column |
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PNS |
-located outside the CNS in congregations called ganglia - includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 32 pairs of mixed spinal nerves |
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Frontal Lobe
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concerned with personality, behaviour, emotions, and intellectual function --> precentral gyrus = voluntary movement |
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Parietal lobe |
Postcentral gyrus= primary centre for sensation |
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Occipital lobe |
primary visual receptor centre |
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Temporal lobe |
behind ear, primary auditory reception centre |
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Wernicke's area |
-in temporal lobe -associated with language comprehension -receptive aphasia |
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Broca's area |
-in frontal lobe -mediates motor speech - expressive aphasia |
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Dermatome |
area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibres by a single posterior spinal root |
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Reflex Arc |
response below the level of consciousness in which sensory afferent fires carry the message from a receptor, travel through dorsal root in spinal cord, synapse in cord, and send message through motor efferent fibres to cause response. |
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4 types of reflecs |
1) deep tendon (myotatic) 2) superficial 3) visceral (organic) 4) pathological (abnormal) |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
unconscious activity and is composed of cranial and spinal nerves --> divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) |
stokes or "brain attacks" Transient ischemic attacks are "ministrokes" |
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Proper sequence of assessment |
-mental health -cranial nerves -motor assessment -co-ordination and balance -sensory testing -reflex testing |
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Screening neurological examination |
preform on seemingly well persons with no significant subjective findings from history |
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Complete neurologic examination |
preform on persons who have neurological concerns |
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neurologic recheck examination |
preform on persons with demonstrated neurological deficit who require periodic assessments |
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Glasgow Coma scale |
screening tool that evaluates persons level of consciousness and degree of brain injury |
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If patient is not fully alert, increase stimulus in this order: |
1) call name 2) light touch on patients arm 3) vigorous shake of shoulder 4) pain applied such as a pinch |
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Vertigo |
sensation on rotational spinning |
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Aura |
subjective sensation that precedes a seizure |
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Tremor |
involuntary shaking, vibrating, or trembling |
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Paresis |
weakness of voluntary movements |
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Paralysis |
loss of motor function as result of lesion in neurological system absence of strength |
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Dysmetria |
inability to control range of motion of muscles |
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Paraesthesia |
abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling |
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Dysphagia |
difficulty swallowing |
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Dysarthria |
difficulty forming words |
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Ptosis |
Drooping |
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Strabismus |
deviated gaze or limited movement |
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Atrophy |
abnormally small muscles with a wasted appearance |
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Hyperatrophy |
increased size and strength; occurs with isometric exercise |
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Dysdiadochokinesia |
slow, clumsy, and sloppy response |
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Dysmetria |
clumsy movement with overshooting of the mark |
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Hypoalgesia |
decreased pain sensation |
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Analgesia |
absence of pain sensation |
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Hyperalgesia |
increased pain sensation |
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Hypoaesthesia |
decreased touch sensation |
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Anaesthesia |
absent touch sensation |
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Hyperaesthesia |
increased touch sensation |
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Astereognosis |
inability to identify objects correctly |
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Clonus |
set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of same muscle |
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Myoclonus |
rapid, sudden jerk at fairly regular intervals (hiccup) |
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Hyperreflexia |
exaggerated reflex occurs when monosynaptic reflex arc is released from usually inhibiting influence of higher cortical levels |
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Hyporeflexia |
reduced functioning of a reflex |
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Frog position |
hips abducted and almost flat against table |
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Opisthotonos |
head arched back, stiffness of neck, and extension of arms and legs |
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Fasciculation |
rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscles |
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Tremor |
involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups |
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Chorea |
sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk, or face |
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Athetosis |
slow, twisting, writhing, continuous movement, resembling snake or worm |
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basal ganglia |
large bands of grey matter buried deep within the two cerebral hemispheres that form the subcortical associated motor system (the extrapyramidal system). |
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hypothalamus |
major respiratory center with basic vital functions: temperature, appetite, sex drive, heart rate and blood pressure control; sleep and anterior and posterior pituitary gland regulation; and coordination of autonomic nervous system activity and stress response. Automatic associated movements of the body are under the control and regulation of this. |