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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many bones are in the skull?
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22 bones
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Paired or single?
-Ethomoid -Frontal -Occipital -Parietal -Sphenoid -Temporal -Palatine |
Ethmoid-single
Frontal-single Occipital-single Parietal-paired Sphenoid-single Temporal-paired Palatine-paired |
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Single or paired?
-Inferior nasal conchae -Lacrimal bone -Mandible -Maxillae -Vomer -Zygomatic -Nasal |
Inferior nasal concahe-paired
Lacrimal bones-paired Mandible-single Maxillae-paired Vomer-single zygomatic-paired nasal-paired |
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Name the suture
-articulation frontal and parrietal |
Coronal
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Name the suture
-art. frontal and nasal |
frontonasal
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Name the suture
-art. Maxillae |
Intermaxillary suture
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Name the suture
-art. occipital bone and parietal bones |
Lamboidal
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Name the suture
-art. temporal bones and parietal bones |
Squamosal suture
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Name the suture
-art. zygomatic bones and temporal bones |
Temporozygomatic suture
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Name the suture
-art maxillae and palatine bones |
Transverse palatine suture
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Which bones and which sutures are visible from a superior aspect?
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frontal, parietal (2), occipital
Coronal suture (frontal and parietal bones--location of soft spot in newborn), sagittal suture (extends from front to back of skull at midline between parietal bones), lamboidal (occipital and pariets--resembles an upside down V |
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Which bones makes up the roof of the orbit?
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frontal
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Forms the greatest part of the medial wall of the orbit
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ethmoid bone
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bone at the anterior medial corner of the orbit and orbital surfaces of the maxilla (floor of the inferior wall)
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lacrimal
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anterior part of the lateral wall of the orbit
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zygomatic
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deepest part of the orbit composed of the lesser wing of the sphenoid (base) and the palatine bone
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orbital apex
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round opening in the orbital apex that lies between the two roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
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optic canal
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What passes through the optic canal?
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second cranial or optic nerve, ophthalmic artery also extends through the canal.
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slitlike fissure between greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, lateral to the optic canal
connects orbit to cranial cavity. Third cranial/oculomotor nerve, fourth cranial/trochlear nerve, sixth cranial/abducents nerve and opthalmic nerve (division from 5th cranial or trigeminal nerve) and vein travel through this fissure. |
superior orbital fissure
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connects the orbit with the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. Also between the greater winf of the sphenoid bone and the maxilla
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inferior orbital fissure
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Roof of the orbit
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frontal bone
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medial wall of the orbit
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ethmoid and lacrimal (and maxilla at the apex)
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Lateral wall of the orbit
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zygomatic (and maxilla at apex)
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Base of the orbit
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sphenoid and palatine (maxilla at apex)
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The nasal cavity is mainly composed of..
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bone and cartilage
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The nasion marks the junction of what two bones?
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frontal and nasal
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The large triangular opening of the nasal cavity
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piriform aperature
-anterior openings to the nasal cavities are the nares -posterior openings are the choanae (posterior nasal aperatures) |
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the floor of the nasal cavity are formed by
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palatine processes of the maxillae anteriorly and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly.
Lateral walls of the nasal cavity also the maxilla |
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Name the 3 scroll like projections in the nasal cavity
Two are formed from _____ bone The ______ is a separate bone |
Superior and middle nasal conchae--formed from ETHMOID
Inferior nasal concha is a separate facial bone |
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Grooves deep to each nasal concha
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nasal meatus
-each has openings through which the paranasal sinuses or nasolacrimal duct communicate with the nasal cavity |
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Which bones create the nasal septum?
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Perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid (anteriorly), Vomer (inferior and posterior), and nasal septal cartilage (inferiorly)
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How many muscle attachments does the Vomer have?
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NONE
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Two parallel ridges crossing both the frontal and parietal bones on the lateral surface of the skull
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Temporal lines
1) Superior=superior temporal line 2) Inferior=inferior temporal line-superior boundary of the temporal fossa where the temporalis muscle attaches |
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What bones make up the zygomatic arch, what is the name of the suture between them and which muscle attaches here?
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-temporal process of the zygomatic
-zygomatic process of the temporal termporozygomatic suture -origin for the masseter |
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Movable articulation between the temporal bone and the mandible
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temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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What borders the hard palate and holds the maxillary teeth?
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alveolar process of the maxilla
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Which bones form the hard palate?
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two palatine processes of the maxillae anteriorly
-two horizontal plates of the palatine bones posteriorly |
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vertical suture between the palatine process of the maxilla
Clinically, what covers this? |
medial palatine suture
clinically noted as medial palatine raphe |
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Articulation between 2 palatine processes of the maxillae and two horizontal plates of the palatine bones (name the suture)
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transverse palatine suture
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The palatine bone is formed of two plates. Name the plates.
What bones do the palatine bones articulate with? Which plate forms the posterior portion of the hard palate? Which forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? |
-Vertical and Horizontal plates
-articulate with the maxilla and the sphenoid -Vertical makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity -Horizontal plate makes up the posterior portion of the hard palate |
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Aside from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, what other feature does the vertical plate contribute to?
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Orbital apex
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Are palatine bones paired or single?
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Paired
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What suture is between the two horizontal plates of the palatine bones?
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median palatine suture
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opening located in the posterolateral region of each of the palatine bones (usually at the apex of the maxillary third molar)
What goes through this and why is it important? |
greater palatine foramen
carries the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels *Landmark for the administration of the greater palatine block (anesthesia) |
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smaller opening posterior to the greater palatine foramen.
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lesser palatine foramen
carries lesser palatine nerve and blood vessels to soft palate and tonsils |
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The greater and lesser palatine foramina are openings to what? What does this carry?
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Pterygopalatine canal
carries the descending palatine nerves and blood vessels from the pterygopalatine fossa to the palate |
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What does the maxilla articulate with?
(9 bones) |
Frontal
lacrimal nasal inferior nasal concha vomer sphenoid ethmoid palatine zygomatic (Fun Living Never Is Very Sparkly, Except Pirate Zebras) |
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Maxilla-single of paired?
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paired
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Articulation of maxillary bones
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intermaxillary suture
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What are the largest bones of the face?
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maxilla
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What are the four processes of the maxilla?
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Frontal
zygomatic Palatine Alveolar |
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Which part of the maxilla makes up the medial orbital rim?
What does this portion articulate with? |
frontal
frontal bone, lacrimal bone, nasal bone |
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Which process of the maxilla completes the infraorbital rim?
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zygomatic
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which process of the maxilla is a major portion of the hard palate?
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palatine
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Which process of the maxilla has the roots of maxillary teeth?
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Alveolar
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What structures on the maxilla carry the infraorbital nerve?
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infraorbital sulcus (groove in the floor of the orbital surface)---->
infraorbital canal----> infraorbital foramen (2cm below orbit in a vertical line with the supraorbital notch) |
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What is the hole/opening that separates the maxilla from the sphenoid in the orbital area?
What goes through this hole? |
inferior orbital fissure
infraorbital and zygomatic nerves infraorbital artery and opthamic veins -infraorbital nerve continues on into the infraorbital sulcus--->infraorbital canal--->infraorbital foramen |
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What hole in the orbit is between the wings of the sphenoid?
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superior orbital fissure
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Why is the infraorbital foramen important to know?
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landmark for anesthesia (infraorbital block)
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Depression posteriorsuperior to root of maxillary canine
just below infraorbital foramen |
Canine fossa
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Prominent ridge of bone above the maxillary canines
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canine eminence
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Which surface is the alveolar process thinner on (facial or lingual)?
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facial
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posterior part of the maxilla, posterior to the most distal molar of the maxillary arch
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maxillary tuberosity
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perforates the superolateral part of the maxillary tuberosity
What goes through here? |
posterior anterior alveolar foramen
(PSA nerve endings and vessels) this and the max. tuberosity are landmarks for anesthesia (PSA block) |
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Hole posterior to maxillary incisors
Covered by incisive papilla What goes through here? |
incisive foramen
R and L nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels (nasopalatine block-anesthesia) |
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What does the mandible articulate with?
Is it single or paired? |
Freely and with the temporal bones
Single |
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Bony prominence of the chin
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mental protuberance
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midline fusion point of the mandible
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mandibular symphysis
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Part of the mandible that is inferior to the alveolar process
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body of the mandible
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Hole inferior to the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars.
What is odd about this foramen? Why do we need to be aware of this foramen clinically? |
mental foramen.
-allows entrance of mental nerve and blood vessels into the mandibular canal. -Throughout development it changes direction. Starts anterior and then moves posterosuperior -This foramen will appear radiolucent on a radiograph. We don't want to mistake it for an abscess |
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Where is the bone of the alveolar process the least dense in the mandible, how might that affect anesthesia or route of infection?
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Around the mandibular incisors
Easier to infiltrate (give anesthesia & dental infection can spread more readily) |
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The bone of the alveolar process on the mandible is thinner facially or lingually?
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lingually
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stout, flat plate of the mandible that extens superiorly and posteriorly from the body
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Ramus
site of attachment for muscles of mastication |
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thin, sharp margin that makes up the anterior border of the ramus
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coronoid process
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concave curve that makes up the main part of the anterior border of the ramus
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coronoid notch
(greatest depresssion on the anterior border of the ramus--landmark for inferior alveolar block) |
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crest where the body of the mandible joins the ramus
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external oblique line
-makes radiopaque line on a radiograph |
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inferior part of the mandible where the ramus meets the body
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angle of the mandible
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Large posterior projection of the mandible
-Name the parts (3) |
condyloid process
-neck of the mandibular condyle -mandibular condyle -articulating surface of the condyle--makes up part of TMJ |
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Depression between the coronoid process and the condyle
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mandibular notch
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small projections near the midline of the mandible from a medial view.
serve as sites for muscle attachment |
genial tubercles
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Rounded, roughened area on the lateral edge of each mandibular alveolar process just posterior to the most distal molar of the mandibular arch
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retromolar triangle
covered by retromolar pad |
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projection on medial surface of the body of the mandible that extends posteriorly and superiorly just below the molars.
Is a point of attachment for muscles that form the floor of the mouth |
mylohyoid line
mylohyoid muscles attach here radiopaque line inferior to the external oblique line on radiographs |
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Depression above the mylohyoid line
Depression below the mylohyoid line |
above-sublingual fossa
below-submandibular fossa |
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Which fossa contains the submandibular salivary gland? Which duct is an opening of this gland?
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Submandibular fossa
Wharton's duct |
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Describe the path of the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels through the mandible
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from mandibular foramen, through the mandibular canal and exits through the mental foramen.
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bony spine overhanging the mandibular foramen
What is the function of this? |
lingula
serves as an attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament associate with TMJ |
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small groove anterior and inferior to mandibular foramen
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mylohyoid groove
mylohyoid nerve and blood vessels travel through here |
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Triangular depression inferior to the articular surface of the condyle on the anterior surface of the neck, seen from a medial view
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pterygoid fovea
attachment of the lateral pterygoid muscles |
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Paranasal sinuses
-What are they -How many are there? -What is their function? |
paired, air filled cavities lined with mucous membranes. Continuous with nasal cavities
-4 -lighten the skull, act as sound resonators and provide mucus for the nasal cavity |
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How do the paranasal sinuses communicate with the nasal cavity?
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by ostia-small openings in the lateral nasal wall
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Primary vs. secondary sinusitis
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primary-membranes inflamed from within
secondary-infection from another source |
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What can primary maxillary sinus infection mimic?
Why is this possible? |
mimics discomfort of endodontic or periodontal infection of the maxillary posterior teeth.
Because the periodontal tissue of these teeth could be in direct contact with the mucosa of the max. sinuses |
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Frontal sinuses
-paired? -how does it communicate with the nasal cavity? |
paired in frontal bone, superior to nasal cavity
communicates w/ middle nasal meatus by the frontonasal duct can be palpated during OE exam |
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Sphenoidal sinuses
-paired? |
located in the body of the sphenoid
communicate and drain into nasal cavity through opening superior to each superior nasal concha |
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Ethmoid sinuses
-Paired? |
variable number of small cavities in lateral mass of each ethmoid.
divided into anterior, middle and posterior. |
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Maxillary sinuses
-Paired? -location? |
Paired
-in body of maxillae posterior to max. canine and premolars. -largest of paranasal sinuses -can be palpated during EO exam |
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What is the "entrance" and "exit" for the inferior alveolar nerve?
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Entrance=mental foramen
(goes through mandibular canal) Exit=mandibular foramen |
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Fan shaped fossa in the expanded "temple" region
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Temporal fossa
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cone shaped fossa, close to apex of the orbit
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pterygopalatine fossa
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Fossa that makes ups the inferior and anterior portion of temporal fossa
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infratemporal fossa
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Zygomatic
-paired or single? -what does it articulate with? |
paired
-temporal, maxilla, sphenoid, frontal |
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What are the three processes of the zygomatic?
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frontal
temporal maxillary |
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Which process of the zygomatic forms the lateral wall of the orbit?
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frontal process of the zygomatic
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small opening on the laterl surface of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone
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zygomaticofacial foramen
(zygomaticaofacial nerve and blood vessels) |
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small opening on the medial deep surface of the temporal process of the zygomatic
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zygomaticotemporal foramen
zygomaticotemporal foramen |
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Which part of the zygomatic forms a portion of the infraorbital rim and wall
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maxillary process of the zygomatic
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Lacrimal bones
-paired or single? -What do they articulate with? |
paired
maxilla, frontal and ethmoid bones |
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duct formed at the junction of the lacrimal and maxilla
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nasolacrimal duct
Willie says: If you ever wondered why your nose may run when you cry, it is because tears from the lacrimal gland drain through the nasolacrimal duct into the inferior nasal meatus |
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Which are the smallest, most fragile facial bones?
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lacrimal
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suture between frontal and nasal bones
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frontonasal suture
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Nasal bones
-paired or single? -What do they articulate with? |
-paired
-articulate with eachother in the midline, superior to the piriform aperature, also articulate with maxilla (laterally) and frontal (superiorly) |
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Superior and middle nasal conchae are part of which bone? Therefore are they facial or cranial bones?
How about inferior nasal conchae? |
superior and middle are part of the ethmoid bone so are considered cranial
Inferior nasal conchae is its own separate bone--facial |
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Inferior nasal concahe
-paired of single? -articulations? |
paired
ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, and maxillary |
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What's the function of the inferior nasal conchae?
What is another name for the conchae? |
Increase amount of mucous membrane and olfactory nerve endings exposed to inhaled odors. Also, to warm air as it enters
Turbinates |
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Do the inferior nasal conchae have muscle attachments?
What are they composed of? |
Nope
Thin, fragile spongy bone (curved like a scroll) |
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Which bones form the bridge of the nose?
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nasal bones
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Vomer
-single or paired? -articulations? -Which border is free of articulations? |
single
articulates with ethmoid, nasal cartilage (nasal septum), palatine, maxillae, sphenoid postero-inferior border free of any bony articulations |
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Does the vomer have any muscle attachments?
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No
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How many facial bones are there?
How many single? paired? |
8 facial bones
2 single (mandible and vomer) 6 paired (nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, palatine, maxilla) |
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Horizontal perforations in the cribiform plate allow for?
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olfactory nerves
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Ethmoid bone
-single or paired? -articulations? |
single (two unpaired plates)
articulates with: frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxillary and vomer (inferior and posterior border) |
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What are the two plates of the ethmoid bone?
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Perpendicular plate--vertical at the midline, forms part of the nasal septum (with vomer and nasal cartilage).
*Crista galli is the continuation of the perpendicular plate superiorly into the cranial cavity 2) Cribiform plate-horizontal part, surrounds crista galli |
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What does the Crista galli do?
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serves as an attachment for layers covering the brain
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The cribiform plate is perforated by foramina--what is the purpose of these?
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allow for passage of olfactory nerves for sense of smell
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Which part of the ethmoid makes up the medial orbital wall?
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orbital plate
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Which two bones connect the cranial to the facial skeleton?
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sphenoid and ethmoid
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Sphenoid
-single or paired? -articulations? |
single
-frontal, parietal, ethmoid, temporal, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, vomer and occipital Funky Pirates Eat Toasted Zebras, My Poor Velvety Oafs |
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The body of the sphenoid articulates with...
What does this part of the sphenoid contain? (think spaces...) |
anteriorly-ethmoid bone
posteriorly-occipital bone sphenoidal sinuses |
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Name the three paired processes on the body of the sphenoid
|
Greater wing
Lesser wing Pterygoid process |
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Which part of the sphenoid forms the base of the orbital apex?
|
lesser wing
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Parietal
-single or paired? -articulations? |
Paired
articulate with each other at the sagittal suture -occipital, frontal, temporal, sphenoid |
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Frontal bone
-single or paired? -articulations? |
single
articulates with parietal, temporal, sphenoid, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid, zygomatic and maxilla |
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What spaces does the frontal bone house?
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frontal sinuses
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superior and inferior temporal lines traverse which two bones?
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frontal and parietal
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curved elevation over the superior part of the orbit
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supraorbital ridges of frontal bone
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depression in the medial part of the supraorbital ridge where the supraorbital artery and nerve travel from the orbit to the forehead
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supraorbital notch
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Frontal bone projection lateral to the orbit, articulates with the zygomatic
|
zygomatic process of the frontal bone
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On which bone is the lacrimal fossa located?
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Frontal bone--just inside the lateral part of the supraorbital ridge.
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What's housed in the lacrimal fossa?
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Lacrimal gland
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Occipital bone
-single or paired? -articulations? |
single
-articulates with parietal, temporal, sphenoid. |
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Pterygoid canal
-What bone is this on/through -Where does it lead to? -What does it carry? |
Sphenoid bone (on the superior border of each posterior nasal aperature)
Leads to Pterygoid fossa Carries pterygoid nerve and blood supply |
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Which three bones have a zygomatic process?
|
Frontal, Temporal, maxilla
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Foramen ovale
-Which bone is it located in? -what does it carry? -Where is it on the bone? |
-Sphenoid
-carries mandibular nerve of Trigeminal nerve (5th cranial) -Larger anterior oval opening |
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Foramen spinosum
-which bone is it located in? -what does it carry? -Where is it on the bone? |
-Sphenoid
-middle meningeal artery into cranial cavity -just anterior to the spine of the sphenoid and posteriolateral to the foramen ovale |
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Foramen lacerum
-Which bone -What does it carry? -Where is it on the bone? |
-at the junction of the sphenoid, occipital and temporal bones
-large, irregular shaped and filled with cartilage -posteriomedial to foramen ovale of sphenoid bone |
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Foramen rotundum
-which bone -what does it carry? -where on the bone? |
-Sphenoid
-posterior to superior orbital fissure on body of the sphenoid -carries maxillary nerve of fifth cranial/Trigeminal |
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Optic canals and foramina
-Which bone? -What does it carry? -Where on the bone? |
Sphenoid
carries optic nerve and ophthalmic artery located in the posteromedial portion of the lesser wings of the sphenoid |
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Superior orbital fissures
-which bone? -What does it carry? -Where on the bone? |
-Sphenoid
-III, IV, VI cranial nerves and opthalmic nerve and vein -inbetween the greater and lesser wings |
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Stylomastoid foramina
-what bone? -what does it carry? -Where on the bone? |
Temporal bone
-carries facial nerve (VII) and V cranial nerves -inbetween the styloid process and the mastoid process |
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Foramen magnum
-Which bone -What does it carry -where on the bone |
-occipital
-spinal cord, vertebral arteries and 11th cranial nerve -huge hole in the middle |
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Hypoglossal Canal
-which bone -what does it carry -where on the bone |
-Occipital
-hypoglossal nerve (12th cranial) and blood vessels - |
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Name the cranial bones and if they are paired or single (6)
|
Occipital-single
Parietal-paired Frontal-single Temporal-paired Sphenoid-single Ethmoid-single 4 single and 2 paired |
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Name the facial bones and if they are paired or single (8)
|
Maxillae-paired
Mandible-single Nasal-paired Vomer-single Zygomatic-paired Lacrimal-paired Inferior nasal conchae-paired Palatine-paired |
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Occipital condyles
-What bone are they found on? -What do they articulate with? |
-occipital-on both sides of the foramen magnum
-articulate with the atlas of the first cervical vertebra |
|
Jugular foramen
-what bone is it on? -where on the bone? -what does it carry? |
-occipital and temporal bones
-medial to styloid process -carries internal jugular vein and ninth, tenth and eleventh cranial nerves |
|
Hypoglossal canals
-what bone -where on bone -what does it carry |
Occipital bone
anterolateral to the foramen magnum through to hole on anterolateral part of occipital condyle ("canal") carries hypoglossal nerve |
|
Carotid canal
-what bone -where on bone -what does it carry |
Temporal
medial to styloid process Internal carotid artery and nerve plexus |
|
Which bone has a cribiform plate?
|
Ethmoid
the foramina carry olfactory nerves |
|
Temporal bone
single or paired? What does it articulate with? |
paired
zygomatic, parietal, occipital, sphenoid and mandible |
|
What are the three parts of a temporal bone?
|
Squamous-fan shaped
Tympanic-associated with ear canal Petrous-located inferiorly and helps form the cranial floor |
|
Lacrimal fossa
Which bone What does it house? |
lateral part of the supraorbital ridge of the frontal bone
lacrimal gland |
|
Which part of the temporal is the zygomatic process on?
|
squamous
|
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Which part of the temporal bone helps to form the braincase?
|
Squamous
|
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Which part of the temporal bone is the external acoustic meatus on?
|
Tympanic
|
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What features on the temporal bone make up the cranial portion of the TMJ? (3)
Which part of the temporal bone are these on? |
-Articular fossa
-Articular eminence -Postglenoid process Squamous part |
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Mastoid process
-which bone is it on -what part of the bone is it on? -what is it's function? |
Petrous part of the temporal bone
-Site of attachment for SCM muscles -air cells communicate with middle ear |
|
What separates the petrosal portion of the temporal from the tympanic portion?
what goes through here? |
Petrotympanic fissure
chorda tympani nerve |
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What is the long pointy projection on the temporal bone called?
what is it's function? |
Styloid process?
Site of muscle attachment for tongue and pharyngeal musles |
|
Where is the internal acoustic meatus?
What goes through it? |
Petrous part of the temporal bone
7th and 8th cranial nerves |
|
Which bone resembles a bat or a butterfly?
|
sphenoid
|
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What does the sphenoid articulate with?
|
temporal, zygomatic, occipital, parietal, maxilla, vomer, palatine, frontal, ethmoid
|
|
Which bone is the site for most of the muscles of mastication (hint-this bone also provides passage for branches of the trigeminal nerve that serves the oral cavity)
|
sphenoid
|
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Pterygoid process
-which bone is it on? -what is it's function? -name its parts |
-sphenoid
-site of muscle attachment -2 plates that extend inferiorly--lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid, pterygoid fossa inbetween |
|
Where can you find the hamulus?
|
It's the inferior termination of the medial pterygoid plate
|
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What is inbetween the pterygoid process and the maxillary tuberosity?
|
pterygoid fossa
|
|
infratemporal fossa
|
lateral to the lateral pterygoid plate
|
|
What does the body of the sphenoid contain?
|
paranasal and sphenoid sinuses
|
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Where is the sella turcica located?
What does it hold? |
Body of the Sphenoid bone
houses the pituitary gland. (base of the skull) Means "Turkish saddle"...so...the pituitary is a chunky little man that sits in the saddle. |
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How many facial bones are there?
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8
2-single 6-paired |
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What is another name for the zygomatic arch?
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Malar Bone
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