Haviland: Evolution And Prehisotry Chapter 8

Front 1

Homo

Back 1

The genus of bipeds that appeared 2.5 million years
ago, characterized by increased brain size compared to earlier bipeds. The genus is divided into various species based on features such as brain size, skull shape, and cultural capabilities.

Front 2

Oldowan tool tradition

Back 2

The first stone tool industry, beginning between 2.5 and 2.6 million years ago.

Front 3

percussion method

Back 3

A technique of stone tool manufacture
performed by striking the raw material with a hammerstone or by striking raw material against a stone anvil to remove flakes.

Front 4

Lower Paleolithic

Back 4

The first part of the Old Stone Age beginning
with the earliest Oldowan tools spanning from about
200,000 or 250,000 to 2.6 million years ago.

Front 5

Homo habilis

Back 5

“Handy man.” The first fossil members of the
genus Homo appearing 2.5 million years ago, with larger brains and smaller faces than australopithecine

Front 6

gender

Back 6

The cultural elaborations and meanings assigned to
the biological differentiation between the sexes.

Front 7

marrow

Back 7

The tissue inside of long bones where blood cells are
produced.

Front 8

tertiary scavenger

Back 8

In a food chain, the third animal group (second to scavenge) to obtain meat from a kill made by a predator.

Front 9

hypoglossal canal

Back 9

The opening in the skull that accommodates
the tongue-controlling hypoglossal nerve.

Front 10

archaic Homo sapiens

Back 10

A loosely defined group within the genus Homo that “lumpers” use for fossils with the combination
of large brain size and ancestral features on the skull.

Front 11

Levalloisian technique

Back 11

Tool-making technique by which three or four long triangular flakes were detached from a specially
prepared core; developed by members of the genus Homo transitional from H. erectus to H. sapiens.

Front 12

Neandertals

Back 12

A distinct group within the genus Homo inhabiting
Europe and southwestern Asia from approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago.

Front 13

Middle Paleolithic

Back 13

The middle part of the Old Stone Age
characterized by the development of the Mousterian tradition of tool making and the earlier Levalloisian traditions.

Front 14

Mousterian tradition

Back 14

The tool industry of the Neandertals and their contemporaries of Europe, southwestern Asia, and
northern Africa from 40,000 to 125,000 years ago.