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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is muscular system |
it is a system composing of muscle tissues that are highly specialized to contract/ shorten to produce movement when stimulated |
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function of muscular system(name 3) |
body movement posture maintenance respiration production of body heat communication (facial expression, writing,gesturing) heart beat construction of organs and vessels |
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types of muscle tissue |
skeletal, smooth,cardiac |
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characteristics of skeletal muscle |
attach to skeletal system long, cylindrical fibres multinucleate, nuclei ag periphery of fiber striated. alternative dark and light bands voluntary control |
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characteristics of cardiac muscle |
found in heart long,branched fibres uninucleate,nucleus in center of cell striated cells connected by intercalated disks involuntary |
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characteristics of smooth muscle |
found on walls of hollow organs,blood vessels and glands small,spindle-shaped uninucleate,nucleus in center of cell non-striated involuntary |
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what is the organisation of skeletal muscle (biggest first) |
muscle muscle bundle (fascicles/fasciculi) muscle fiber myofibrils sarcomere actin & myosin |
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what are muscle fibre made of |
sarcolemma, sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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what us myofibrils made of |
actin and myosin filaments arranged in repeating units of sarcomeres |
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what are sarcomere |
basic structural unit capable if contracting |
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what are sarcolemma |
cell membrane of muscle fibre |
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what is sarcoplasm |
cytoplasm of each muscle fiber containing myofibrils |
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what is sarcoplasmic reticulum |
stores calcium ions that triggers muscle contraction |
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what are thin actin myofilaments composed of |
Actin(major),troponin (minor)and tropomyosin (minor) |
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what are thick myosin myofilaments made of |
myosin |
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outline the steps of skeletal muscle contraction |
Depolarization of membrane results in calcium ion release actin ans myosin form cross-bridge formation actin slide over myosin myofilaments during muscle contraction leading to shortening of sarcomeres (requires calcium,energy and signal from neuron) Results in sarcomere shortening (muscle contraction) |
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describe energy for muscular contraction |
main source of energy for muscle contraction is ATP which is mainly produced by aerobic respiration muscle fibers can't store ATP hence excess is converted to creatine phosphate during moderate exercise, ATP will be used up and CP breaks down to regenerate more ATP During extreme exercise, after ATP and CP exhaust, anaerobic respiration takes place where ATP and lactic acid are produced |
