Govt 2305 Final

Front 1

Articles of Confederation

Back 1

Poopy

Front 2

Great Compromise

Back 2

Recommended a bicameral legislature

Front 3

Three-fifths Compromise

Back 3

Slaves counted as 3/5ths a person

Front 4

Separation of Powers

Back 4

Separate branches would have specific powers to check the other branches of government

Front 5

Checks and Balances

Back 5

Powers of each branch is checked and balanced by the other branches

Front 6

Federalism

Back 6

Division of power between federal government and the state governments

Front 7

Enumerated Powers

Back 7

Powers specifically for the Federal Government that are written in the constitution

Front 8

Concurrent Powers

Back 8

Powers shared by the federal government and state governments

Front 9

Reserved Powers

Back 9

Powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Front 10

Supremacy Clause

Back 10

National Government is supreme

Front 11

Necessary and Proper Clause

Back 11

Gives Congress authority to enact any laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers

Front 12

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Back 12

Provides that the various states must recognize legislative acts, public records, and judicial decisions of the other states within the United States

Front 13

Nullification (nullification doctrine)

Back 13

Believed that the state governments had power over the federal governments because the states had ratified the Constitution

Front 14

Equal Protection Clause

Back 14

All people get the equal protection of the laws

Front 15

Missouri Compromise 1820

Back 15

Prohibited slavery in territories and new states above a certain latitude line except Missouri

Front 16

Civil Rights Act 1866

Back 16

Declared that people born in the US and not subject to any foreign power are entitled to be citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude

Front 17

McCulloch V Maryland 1819

Back 17

Found it was reasonable to imply that Congress had the power to charter a bank so a tax on the US bank is unconstitutional

Front 18

Dred Scott v Sandford 1857

Back 18

Court ruled that African Americans, free or not, were not considered citizens and therefore, had no right to sue in a federal court

Front 19

Writs of habeas corpus

Back 19

A court order that requires authorities to bring the accused to court and they can be freed from unlawful detention if they lack sufficient cause or evidence

Front 20

Seditious Speech

Back 20

Speech the encourages rebellion against the government

Front 21

Civil Liberties

Back 21

Personal guarantees and freedoms that government cannot abridge, either by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation

Front 22

13th Amendment

Back 22

Abolished slavery

Front 23

14th Amendment

Back 23

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US

Front 24

15th Amendment

Back 24

Granted all men the right to vote

Front 25

Slander

Back 25

A false SPOKEN statements that defames the character of a person

Front 26

Libel

Back 26

A false written statement that defames the character of a person

Front 27

Exclusionary Rule

Back 27

Bars the use of evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment; the goal is to deter police from illegal conduct

Front 28

Establishment Clause

Back 28

Directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

Front 29

Free Exercise Clause

Back 29

Prohibits the US government from interfering with a citizen's right to practice his or her religion

Front 30

Right to Privacy

Back 30

Individuals are not specifically granted right to privacy but some ares of life are off limits

Front 31

de jure discrimination

Back 31

Discrimination by law

Front 32

Privileges and immunities clause

Back 32

Guarantees that citizens of each state have the same rights as all other states

Front 33

Due Process Clause

Back 33

Limits states' abilities to deprive citizens of their legal rights

Front 34

Barron v Baltimore 1833

Back 34

The Bill of Rights did not apply to the states

Front 35

Gibbons v Ogden 1824

Back 35

The Bill of Rights did not apply to the states

Front 36

Symbolic Speech

Back 36

The use of symbols and/or actions, rather than words, to convey ideas

Front 37

1st Amendment

Back 37

-Freedom of Religion, speech, assembly, association, and press

Front 38

4th Amendment

Back 38

Forbids unreasonable searches and seizures

Front 39

5th Amendment

Back 39

-Right to grand jury hearing in criminal cases

-Forbids double jeopardy

-Forbids self-incrimination

-Right to due process

Front 40

6th Amendment

Back 40

-Right to trial by jury

-Right to present favorable witnesses

Front 41

8th Amendment

Back 41

-Forbids excessive bail and fines

-Forbids cruel and unusual punishment

Front 42

Espionage Act 1917

Back 42

Prohibits conveying false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military

Front 43

Sedition Act 1918

Back 43

Prohibited disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government

Front 44

Griswold v Connecticut 1965

Back 44

Ruled that outlawing the sale of contraceptives violated marital privacy

Front 45

Civil Rights

Back 45

Civil rights provide freedom from arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by the government or individuals

Front 46

Poll Tax

Back 46

Tax that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot

Front 47

Strict Scrutiny

Back 47

Race, Religion, or national orgin

Front 48

Intermediate Review

Back 48

Review based on intermediate scrutiny

Front 49

de facto Discrimination

Back 49

Discrimination that results from practices rather than by the law

Front 50

19th Amendment

Back 50

Women's voting

Front 51

24th Amendment

Back 51

Prohibited poll taxes for federal elections

Front 52

Citizenship Clause

Back 52

All persons born or naturalized in the US are citizens

Front 53

Equal Pay Act 1963

Back 53

Establishes that employers will not pay different wages based on sex

Front 54

Civil Rights Act 1964

Back 54

Prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin in schools, public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce, employment, and voter registration

Front 55

Plessy v Ferguson

Back 55

Court ruled that separate-but-equal accommodations did NOT violate the fourteenth amendment's equal protection clause

Front 56

Obergefull v. Hodges

Back 56

The 14th amendment requires both marriage licensing and recognition of same-sex marriage

Front 57

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Back 57

Applied a nationwide prohibition against the denial or abridgment of the right to vote based on the literacy tests on a nationwide basis

Front 58

Brown v Board of Education

Back 58

Court ruled that school segregation is unconstitutional because it violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

Front 59

Lawrence v. Texas

Back 59

Court ruled that states could not criminalize private sexual bahavior

Front 60

Apportionment

Front 61

Gerrymandering

Front 62

Unified Government

Front 63

Divided Governemtn

Front 64

Speaker of the House

Front 65

Joint Committee

Front 66

Special Committee

Front 67

Standing Committee

Front 68

Original jurisdiction

Front 69

Appellate jurisdiction

Front 70

U.S. District court

Front 71

U.S. Courts of Appeal

Front 72

Judicial review

Front 73

Writ of certiorari

Front 74

Rule of four

Front 75

Amicus curiae

Front 76

Precedent

Front 77

Marbury v Madison

Front 78

Majority opinion

Front 79

Dissenting opinion

Front 80

Concurring opinion

Front 81

22nd Amendment

Back 81

President can only serve 2 four year terms

Front 82

25th Amendment

Front 83

Cabinet

Back 83

the body of the presidential advisers who head the fifteen executive departments

Front 84

Executive privilege

Back 84

Allows the president and other high officials of the executive branch to keep certain communications private

Front 85

Veto

Back 85

authority to reject bills passed by both houses of congress

Front 86

Pardon

Back 86

an executive grant releasing an individual from punishment or legal consequences of a crime before or after conviction

Front 87

Executive order

Back 87

make laws by sidestepping Congress

Front 88

War Powers Resolution

Back 88

limits the president's authority to introduce American troops into hostile lands without congressional approval

Front 89

Posse Comitatus Act

Back 89

prohibits the use of the military in the role of domestic law enforcement outside of the cases listed here

Front 90

Federal bureaucracy

Back 90

federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs

Front 91

Spoils system

Back 91

selecting employees on the basis of party loyalty

Front 92

Pendleton Act

Back 92

Established merit system of federal employment

Front 93

Merit System

Back 93

employment system based on qualifications, test scores and ability, rather than loyalty

Front 94

Government corporations

Back 94

performs functions in a business-like manner

Front 95

Independent agencies

Back 95

deal with a narrow, specific set of issues

Front 96

Independent regulatory commissions

Back 96

agencies outside of the cabinet departments that make and enforces rules and regulations

Front 97

Hatch Act

Back 97

prohibits federal employees from engaging in partisan political activity, including running for public office, soliciting campaign funds, or campaigning for or against a party or candidate

Front 98

Secular realignment

Back 98

gradual shift of party coalitions, based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the political systems

Front 99

Party realignment

Back 99

dramatic shifts in partisan preference that drastically alter the political landscape

Front 100

National Party convention

Back 100

each party holds it to nominate its presidential and vice presidential candidates

Front 101

National party platform

Back 101

most visible instrument that parties use to formulate, convey, and promote public policy

Front 102

Invisible primary

Back 102

the year leading up to the Iowa caucuses when candidates compete for donors and endorsements

Front 103

Party polarization

Back 103

parties diverge from one another

Front 104

Bipartisanship

Back 104

when parties find common ground through compromise

Front 105

Primary Election

Back 105

voters decide which candidate will go on to challenge a candidate of an opposing party for office

Front 106

Caucus

Back 106

a meeting of citizens in a public place who are members of a particular political party, to select candidate or decide policy

Front 107

Proportional representation primary

Back 107

delegates are given to candidate in proportion to the votes they get in each state

Front 108

Retrospective judgement

Back 108

voters tend to reward the president's party during good economic times and punish that party during bad economic times

Front 109

Frontloading

Back 109

states choose the earliest date possible on the nomination calendar in order to gain the most attention in the press for their state

Front 110

Federal Election Campaign Act

Back 110

made changes hoping to curb reliance on a few very rich donors and equalize amount of money spent by both parties

Front 111

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act

Back 111

a bipartisan law was passed that set new limites on contributions and advertising

Front 112

Citizens United v FEC

Back 112

ruled that certain parts of the BCRA were unconstitutional

Front 113

McCutcheon v FEC

Back 113

aggregate limits restricting how much money a donor may contribute to candidates for federal office

Front 114

Hard money

Back 114

money given to specific candidates

Front 115

Soft Money

Back 115

money given to a party (unregulated)

Front 116

Lobbying

Back 116

attempts to influence government through persuasion of public officials

Front 117

Narrowcasting

Back 117

targeting specific populations

Front 118

Public opinion poll

Back 118

interviews or surveys with samples of citizens that estimate the feelings and beliefs of larger populations

Front 119

Sampling error

Back 119

accuracy of a poll depends on the quality of the sample

Front 120

Margin of error

Back 120

statistical device that provides a numerical calculation for how close the results of a poll are to the truth

Front 121

Political socialization

Back 121

process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values