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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the roles of kinaseS?
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they either phosphorylate or dephosphorylate
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What are the roles of dehydrogenases?
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They reduce nucleotides
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What enzyme regulates Glycolysis?
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PhosphoFructoKinase (PFK)
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Is the actions of hexokinase reversible or irreversible?
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Irreversible
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What are the starting materials of Glycolysis?
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Glucose
NAD+ ADP ATP |
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What are the Net Products of glycolysis?
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2 Pyruvate
2 ATP 2NADH |
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Where does glycolysis take place?
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Cytosol
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Does Glycolysis occur in the fed or Fasted state?
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Fed State
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What cells undergo glycolysis in the FASTED state?
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RBC
Brain Cells |
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What is the first activating reaction of glycolysis?
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Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate
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What enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of glycolysis (glucose to Glucose-6-P)? what if its in the liver?
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Hexokinase
Glucokinase in liver |
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Is the first reaction of glycolysis reversible or irreversible? Does thsi change if it occurs in the liver?
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First rxn is IRRerversible
If its in the liver than it is REVersible |
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what is Glucokinase?
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This is the enzyme that occurs in the liver during the 1st step of glycolysis.
- Processes excess glucose for storage as glycogen or conversion to triglyceride |
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Does Hexokinase of Glucokinase have the larger Km value?
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Glucokinase
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what is PFK?
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This is the rate limiting step of glycolysis.
It is also the regulating enzyme of the pathway -uses ATP to phos F6P to F1,6bisP |
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what is the process of the PFK allosteric feed-forward mechanism?
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An unsually large increase in rate in response to sm change in the frcutose concentration
- Produces a sigmoidal curve. |
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What is PFK feedback regulation?
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PFK is alloserically controlled to repsond to carying energy needs
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How is PFK allosterically feed-back activated?
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AMP levels in the body. Increased AMP levels activates PFK
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How is PFK allosterically feedback inhibited?
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ATP. Increased ATP levels signal decreased energy demand
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What reduces NAD+ to NADH in glycolysis?
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Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate dehydrogenase does this
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What are the two enzymes in glycolysis that catalyze ATP production?
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Phosphoglycerate kinase
Pyruvate kinase ** they're irreversible!!! |
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What is Glycolysis mainly irreversible?
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This pathway, overall has a large NEGATIVE Delta G
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What enzyme converts pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
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Pyruvate is further oxidized to what? is this reverisble?
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Acetyl CoA
This is IRReversible |
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Where does Acetyl CoA go to?
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The TCA cycle where it is further oxidized
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What does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase do?
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Converts Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
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Is Pyruvate dehydrogenase active in most cells in the fed or fasted state?
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Fed State
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Is Pyruvate Dehydrogenase a cytsosolic of mitochondrial enzyme?
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MITOchondrial
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How is PDH regulated?
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All PDH substrate activators allosterically INHIBIT the enzyme that inativates PDH
ALL PDH product inhibitors allosterically activate this kinase |
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What are PDH's substrates?
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Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA (they are feed-fwd activators)
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What is PDH's Product?
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Acetyl CoA (feed back inhibitor)
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Whatd o high levels of Acetyl CoA indicate?
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Hight Beta Oxidation of low TCA cycle activity
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What cell types are normally completely ANaerobic?
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RBC
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What is the export Product of AnAerobic catabolism?
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LACTATE
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